先進的な 化学 遺伝 検査 で,宿主 の 生理 を 調節 する 腸内 微生物 群 の 代謝 物質 が 発見 さ れ ます
Haiwei Chen1, Phu-Khat Nwe2, Yi Yang1
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Cell
|April 23, 2019
まとめ
研究者は腸内微生物が ヒトの健康に影響を与える化合物を 作り出す方法を調べました 特定の細菌がGタンパク質結合受容体 (GPCR) に影響し 消化と脳機能に影響を与える 分子を生み出すことを発見しました
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 薬理学について
- 生理学
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は生理学的効果を持つ多くの代謝産物を生成する.
- Gタンパク質結合受容体 (GPCR) のような宿主感知機構は,これらの相互作用を媒介する役割を果たします.
研究 の 目的:
- 非嗅覚GPCRomeに対する腸内細菌のスクリーニングによって,生物活性微生物代謝物を特定する.
- 微生物の代謝産物が宿主GPCRと相互作用して生理に影響する方法を理解する.
主な方法:
- 非嗅覚GPCRのパネルに対する144のヒト腸内細菌株のスクリーニング.
- GPCRの活性化と生理学的影響を決定する代謝物の識別と機能的測定.
主要な成果:
- 数十の細菌が既知のGPCRと孤児GPCRを活性化することが判明した.
- ヒスティジンをヒスタミンに変換し,大腸の運動に影響を与える特定の細菌株が特定されました.
- 細菌種がL-フェニララニン (L-Phe) を生成し,それを毒性のある精神活性化合物であるフェネチラミンに変換することが判明しました.
結論:
- この研究は,腸内微生物の代謝を分析するための直交的な方法を示しています.
- 特定された宿主-微生物群の代謝産物相互作用は,腸の運動性と神経学的機能を含む宿主生理学に重大な影響を及ぼします.
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