フォアアークのカーボンシンクは,マントルに長期にわたる揮発性のリサイクルを減少させる
P H Barry1,2, J M de Moor3,4, D Giovannelli5,6,7,8
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. pbarry@whoi.edu.
Nature
|April 26, 2019
まとめ
地球のマントルに炭素を運ぶ コスタリカの下のスラブから放出された炭素の大半は地殻のカルシットに閉じ込められ 深いマントルの炭素の移動を減少させます
科学分野:
- 地化学
- 地質学
- 火山学
背景:
- 炭素のような揮発性物質は 海洋の地殻を通って 地球のマントルに運ばれます
- この揮発性移転の効率を理解することは,地化学的異質性と地球の酸化状態を理解するために不可欠です.
- フロアークとバックアーク地域からの揮発性放出の量化は,火山の弧より制限が少ない.
研究 の 目的:
- コスタリカのフロアアークの下の 沈殿板から放出された炭素の 運命を調査するためです
- 地殻に閉じ込められた炭素と マントルに流出した炭素の比率を測るため
- 地球の深層マントルの炭素の流れを 精査するために
主な方法:
- 深層泉からのヘリウムと炭素同位体のデータ分析.
- コスタリカの2つのクロス・アーチ・トランセクトを使って 空間的な変化を捉えました
- カルシート堆積と微生物の吸収による炭素収束の量化
主要な成果:
- コスタリカの前弓の下の板とマントルから放出された炭素の約91%は,地殻内のカルシットとして隔離されています.
- さらに3%の炭素が微生物の化学増殖によってバイオマスに組み込まれます.
- 前弓の下のスラブから排出される年間二酸化炭素の推定量は1.2 × 10^8から1.3 × 10^10モールである.
結論:
- この地域での潜水中に放出された炭素のほとんどは地殻に留まり,深いマントルに転送されません.
- 前回の深層マントルへの炭素移転の見積もりは,地殻の収縮により19%まで過大評価されている可能性があります.
- この研究は,世界の炭素循環の規制におけるフォアアークプロセスの重要な役割を強調しています.
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