広範囲にわたる古代ゲノム・タイムシリーズで 5 千年以上の馬の管理を追跡
Antoine Fages1, Kristian Hanghøj1, Naveed Khan2
1Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center, University of Copenhagen, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cell
|May 7, 2019
まとめ
古代 の 馬 の DNA は,絶滅 し た 血統 を 明らかに し,現代 の 繁殖 を 強調 し て い ます
科学分野:
- 古代ゲノム学
- 馬の進化生物学
- 国産化研究
背景:
- 馬 の 飼い づくり は 人類 の 歴史 に 深い 影響 を 及ぼし,戦争 や 旅行 や 言語 の 拡散 に 影響 を 及ぼし まし た.
- 過去の文明における馬の役割を解読するには 馬の遺伝的歴史を理解することが重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 馬の家畜化と管理の 遺伝的タイムラインを再構築する
- 古代の馬の血統が 現代の人種に与える 遺伝的貢献を特定するためです
- 歴史的な出来事と現代的な繁殖が馬の遺伝的多様性に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- ゲノムスケールのDNA分析 古代の馬149匹のゲノム解析 ゲノムスケールのDNA分析 古代の馬149匹のゲノム解析
- 古代と近代の馬群の比較ゲノム分析
- 遺伝的多様性と血統の貢献の分析
主要な成果:
- 初期の家畜化 (イベリア,シベリア) の2つの絶滅した馬の系統は,現代の馬にほとんど影響を与えない.
- ペルシャ に 関連 し て いる 馬 の 系統 は,イスラム の 征服 後 に 重要 性 を 増し まし た.
- MSTNの変種のようなエリートレースに関連したアレルは,過去千年に人気を得ました.
- 現代の馬の繁殖は 何千年にもわたる人間の管理よりも 遺伝的多様性に大きな影響を与えました
結論:
- 古代の馬の群れは多様で,家畜化初期に異なる系統が生まれました.
- 人類の歴史的な出来事と 選択的な繁殖の慣行が 馬の遺伝子を形作りました
- 現代の繁殖は 馬の遺伝的多様性を劇的に減少させ 保護戦略の必要性を強調しています
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