膜の形状をグリコカリックスによって調節する物理的原理
Carolyn R Shurer1, Joe Chin-Hun Kuo1, LaDeidra Monét Roberts2
1Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Cell
|May 7, 2019
まとめ
細胞表面のグリコカリクスは,ムシンとポリサッカライドで構成され,細胞膜の形状を積極的に調節します. この相互作用は,細胞伝達と細胞外相互作用を,エントロピー力と膜の不安定性によって影響する.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- バイオ物理学
- ポリマー科学
背景:
- 細胞は環境との相互作用によって プラズマ膜の形状を動的に変化させます
- 細胞膜の曲線生成を調節するメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞内プロセスと細胞表面のグリコカリックスが,プラズマ膜の形態を調節する作用を調査する.
- グライコカリクスの構成と組織が細胞の形状と機能にどのように影響するか解明する.
主な方法:
- ポリマーブラシのモデルを使って グライコカリクスの振る舞いをシミュレートした
- ポリマーサイズと細胞表面密度が膜構造に与える影響を分析した.
- 特定のグリコカリックス組成物が膜の不安定性と細胞外膀の分泌に与える影響を調査した.
主要な成果:
- グライコカリクスは,ムシンのバイオポリマーとポリサカリドを通して,細胞表面の拡張に影響を与えるエントロピー力を発生させます.
- ポリマーブラシモデルは,ポリマー特性が膜形態にどのように影響するかを正確に予測しました.
- 特定のグリコカリックス組成は膜の不安定性を誘発し,ユニークな構造と細胞外膀の放出につながった.
結論:
- 細胞表面のグリコカリクスは,曲った膜の特徴を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- グライコカリックス媒介による膜形成は,細胞間および細胞外マトリックス通信に不可欠である.
- この研究は,グリコカリクスが細胞表面のダイナミクスを制御する基本的なメカニズムを明らかにしています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange
3.5K
Gas behavior plays a vital role in understanding bodily processes such as external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of it in the lungs. In contrast, internal respiration happens in body tissues, where these gases move in opposite directions.
Gas Laws Governing Respiration
The behavior of gases is guided by Dalton's Law of partial pressures and Henry's Law.
Dalton's Law asserts that the total...
Gas Laws Governing Respiration
The behavior of gases is guided by Dalton's Law of partial pressures and Henry's Law.
Dalton's Law asserts that the total...
3.5K
Glycocalyx and its Functions
8.2K
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
8.2K
The Uncertainty Principle
31.4K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
31.4K
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters
7.0K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
7.0K
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
76.1K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
76.1K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
59.1K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
59.1K


