感覚経験は神経回路のゲノム構造を改造し,運動学習を促す

Tomoko Yamada^1,2, Yue Yang^3,4, Pamela Valnegri³

¹Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. yamadat@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.

Nature

|May 10, 2019

まとめ

感覚体験は遺伝子発現と運動学習に影響を与え脳クロマチンの構造を再構成しますこの研究は,小脳粒子のニューロンにおけるクロマチンの改造がどのように適応的な脳反応を誘導するかを明らかにしています

科学分野:

神経科学
分子生物学
遺伝学

背景:

ニューロンの活動が脳の適応,学習,記憶の遺伝子発現を促します
活動に依存する遺伝子発現のエピジェノミックメカニズムは知られている.
学習のための成人の脳クロマチンの改造における感覚経験の役割は不明である.

研究の目的:

感覚体験が成人の脳のクロマチンの構造を再構成するかどうかを調べるため
クロマチンの改造が神経コードの変容を誘発し学習と記憶を促進するかどうかを判断する

主な方法:

イン・ビボカルシウムイメージング
オプトジェネティクス
薬理学的アプローチ
大規模なトランスクリプトームとクロマチンプロファイリング
条件付きCRISPRコヘシンノックアウト

主要な成果:

脊髄前部の粒子のニューロンの活性化は,マウスの感触性ショック学習の遅延に不可欠です.
強化剤と促進剤の相互作用を含む神経クロマチンの再編成は,運動学習で起こります.
コヘシン障害はクロマチンの相互作用,活動依存の転写,運動学習を損なう.

結論:

感覚経験は成人の脳のクロマチンの構造を活性化します
クロマチンの改造は,小脳粒子のニューロン内の特定の遺伝子発現モジュールをオーケストラします.
これらの発見は,感覚経験,クロマチンのダイナミクス,および運動学習を結びつけるメカニズムを明らかにします.

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