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Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

103.6K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
103.6K
Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

58.8K
The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
58.8K
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
24.1K
Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

73.0K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
73.0K
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

125.5K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
125.5K
The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Overview
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Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
10:04

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Published on: May 26, 2014

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r-プロセス要素の主要な源としてのコラップサール

Daniel M Siegel1,2,3,4, Jennifer Barnes5,6, Brian D Metzger5,6

  • 1Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. dsiegel@perimeterinstitute.ca.

Nature
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

中性子星の融合だけでなく 崩壊した蓄積円盤は 宇宙の重元素を 生み出すことができます これらの珍しい超新星は より多くの物質を放出し,宇宙のrプロセスの元素の80%以上を供給する可能性があります.

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Major Components of the Light Microscope
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科学分野:

  • 天体物理学
  • 核物理学
  • 宇宙化学

背景:

  • 中性子星の融合は,理論的にも観察的にも,急速な中性子捕獲 (rプロセス) による重元素の生成と関連している.
  • 以前の研究では,中性子星の合併で形成されたブラックホールの周りの蓄積円盤が,そのようなイベントからのrプロセス元素の主要な源であると示唆しました.
  • 元素に富んだ恒星と銀河の化学的濃縮パターンの最近の観測は,宇宙のr-プロセス元素の代替または追加的な源を示唆しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • r-プロセスの要素の重要な源として,コララサール蓄積円盤の可能性を調査する.
  • 中性子星の合併に相対的に r-プロセスの元素の宇宙の豊富さに寄与するコラプサルの貢献を比較する.

主な方法:

  • ブラックホールの周りに形成されたアクレーションディスクの r-プロセスの核合成をモデル化するためにシミュレーションを使用した.
  • rプロセスの要素の収量を定量化した.
  • 観測された宇宙の量と 推定されたイベントの割合を比較した.

主要な成果:

  • シミュレーションにより,崩壊型蓄積円盤は,観測された宇宙の豊富さを説明するのに十分なrプロセスの元素を生成することが示されている.
  • 中性子星の合併と比較して発生率が低いにもかかわらず,クラップスターはイベントごとにより大きな量の物質を放出します.
  • コラプサールは宇宙に存在する r-プロセス元素の80%以上を供給する能力があると計算されています.

結論:

  • コラップサー・アクレション・ディスクは コスミック・プロセス・エレメントの 主要な,以前は過小評価されていた源である.
  • この発見は,中性子星の融合が重元素の生産に 重要な貢献をする唯一の要因であるという 支配的な見解に異議を唱えるものである.
  • この研究は 宇宙の化学組成を形作る 希少でエネルギッシュな超新星の 重要な役割を強調しています