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Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

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Overview
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Covalent Bonds01:08

Covalent Bonds

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When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...
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Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

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Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
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Polar Covalent Bonds02:24

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Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms when both have similar tendencies to attract electrons to themselves (i.e., when both atoms have identical or fairly similar ionization energies and electron affinities). Nonmetal atoms frequently form covalent bonds with other nonmetal atoms. For example, the hydrogen molecule, H2, contains a covalent bond between its two hydrogen atoms. When two separate hydrogen atoms with a particular potential energy approach each other, their valence orbitals...
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The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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n→π*相互作用とダイナミック・コヴァレンント・ボンドの相互作用:溶媒効果による定量化と調節

Hao Zheng1,2, Hebo Ye1,3, Xiaoxia Yu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 11, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,ダイナミック・コヴァレンント・ケミストリー (DCC) を使用して,n→π*の相互作用を調査し,イミンを安定させる役割を示しています. この発見により,水溶液におけるイミンの安定化が可能になり,分子認識と触媒作用に影響を与えます.

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科学分野:

  • 超分子化学
  • 有機化学
  • 物理化学

背景:

  • 軌道のドナーと受容体の相互作用は化学の基本です
  • これらの相互作用の規制と機能化は非常に重要です.
  • n→π*相互作用は軌道相互作用の重要なタイプである.

研究 の 目的:

  • 動的共性化学 (DCC) を用いてn→π*相互作用を調査する.
  • n→π*相互作用によるイミンの安定化を示す.
  • 軌道相互作用とイミン交換熱力学を相関させるため

主な方法:

  • ダイナミック・コヴァレンント・ケミストリー (DCC) を n→π* 相互作用研究に使用した.
  • ドナーとアルデヒド/イミンの間の相互作用を研究するために,2-X-2'-フォーマルビフェニル誘導体を使用した.
  • イミンの交換均衡を測定することによって軌道相互作用を定量化した.
  • n→π*の相互作用に対する溶媒の効果 (近接対抗) を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • n→π*の相互作用は,イミン交換熱力学に大きな影響を与えた.
  • 自然結合軌道安定エネルギー差と相関するイミン交換均衡.
  • タンパク質溶媒は水素結合によってイミンの n→π* 相互作用を強めた.
  • 水溶液中のイミンの安定化を達成した.

結論:

  • DCCは,n→π*相互作用を調査するための実行可能な戦略です.
  • n→π*の相互作用は,イミンの安定性において重要な役割を果たします.
  • 溶媒の選択,特にプロティック溶媒は,n→π*相互作用を調節することができる.
  • これらの発見は分子認識,生物学的標識,および触媒に潜在的に応用できます.