妊娠 中 の 既存の 糖尿病 の 管理: レビュー
Anastasia-Stefania Alexopoulos1, Rachel Blair2, Anne L Peters3
1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
JAMA
|May 16, 2019
まとめ
妊娠中の糖尿病は母親と赤ちゃんのリスクを高めます. 血糖,薬,健康状態の 慎重な管理は,より良い結果のために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 産婦人科
- 内分泌学
- 妊婦と胎児の医療
背景:
- 既存の1型または2型糖尿病は,毎年約0.9%の米国産児に合併症を引き起こします.
- 妊娠中の糖尿病は,妊娠前出血症,帝王切開,早産,マクロソミア,先天性欠陥など,母親と新生児の悪影響のリスクを大幅に高めます.
- 1型糖尿病と2型糖尿病の両方には,妊娠中に集中管理が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 妊娠中の糖尿病の治療を最適化するための重要な戦略を概説する.
- 妊娠前の計画と併発症の管理の重要性を強調する.
- 妊娠中の薬剤,血糖コントロール,モニタリングに関するガイドラインを提供するためです.
主な方法:
- 妊娠中の糖尿病管理に関する現在のガイドラインと証拠のレビュー
- 妊娠前のカウンセリング,避妊,血糖値目標の達成 (妊娠前のHbA1c < 6. 5%,妊娠中のHbA1c < 6. 0%) を重視する.
- 薬剤の調整,併発性疾患 (網膜病変,腎病変,阻害性睡眠時無呼吸症) のスクリーニング,および血圧管理に関する議論
主要な成果:
- 継続的なグルコースモニタリングは,血糖コントロールと新生児における第1型糖尿病のアウトカムを改善することができます.
- インスリンが第一線療法であり,注射とポンプ療法の両方が有効です.
- 妊娠12週後の低用量アスピリンは妊娠前出血症のリスクを減らすために推奨されます. 低血糖症にはグルカゴンが必要です.
- 特に腎不全の場合は,血圧目標を慎重に検討する必要があります.
結論:
- 妊娠中に既に存在している糖尿病は,包括的な管理を必要とする重大なリスクをもたらします.
- 血糖値のコントロールを最適化し,薬の投与量を調整し,併発性疾患の管理はリスクを軽減するための鍵です.
- 妊娠前,妊娠中,妊娠後の 糖尿病の治療は 妊婦と新生児の健康改善に不可欠です
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