局所的なタンパク質合成は,ニューロンの前および後シナプス区画の普遍的な特徴である
Anne-Sophie Hafner1, Paul G Donlin-Asp1, Beulah Leitch2
1Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
まとめ
脳のプレシナプス端末は,メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) とリボソームを併用して,局所的にタンパク質を合成することができる. この局所的なタンパク質合成は 動的に調節され ニューロンの可塑性にとって不可欠です
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 分子生物学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- 神経機能は局所的なタンパク質合成に依存し,主にデンドライトで示される.
- 前シナプス端末におけるタンパク質合成の証拠は限られており,シナプス機能の理解にギャップがある.
研究 の 目的:
- 前シナプス端末内のタンパク質合成機構の存在と活性を調べる
- 局所的なタンパク質合成がシナプス前端で起きるか,シナプス可塑性におけるその役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 前と後シナプス構造の高解像度イメージングに拡張顕微鏡を用いた.
- マウスの脳シナプトソーム (前シナプス端末) から分離および配列化されたメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA)
- 前シナプス端末で進行中のタンパク質合成を検出するために代謝ラベルを使用します.
主要な成果:
- ヒポカンプスと前頭脳のほとんどのプレシナプス端末にはmRNAとリボソームが含まれています.
- 何百もの異なるmRNA種が刺激性プレシナプスボトンで特定されました.
- > 30% のプレシナプス端末は,代謝ラベリング後に活性タンパク質合成の証拠を示した.
- 異なる可塑性パラダイムに対応した 異なる局所的な変換パターンが観察されました
結論:
- プレシナプス端末は,局所的なタンパク質合成のための機械を有し,翻訳的に有能である.
- プレシナプス端末における局所タンパク質合成は,差異的に調節され,コンパートメント特有のシナプス可塑性において役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)
5.0K
Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
5.0K
pre-mRNA Processing
57.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.2K
Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model
7.0K
The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
7.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
8.1K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.1K
Three-Compartment Open Model
875
The three-compartment open model is a pharmacokinetic model used to describe the distribution and elimination of drugs following extravascular administration. It comprises a central compartment representing the plasma and two peripheral compartments. The highly perfused peripheral compartment represents organs and tissues with a rich blood supply, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The scarcely perfused peripheral compartment represents tissues with lower blood supply, such as adipose...
875
Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model
3.1K
The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
3.1K


