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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Genome-wide Analysis using ChIP to Identify Isoform-specific Gene Targets
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単細胞ゲノミクスは,自閉症における細胞タイプ特有の分子変化を特定する.

Dmitry Velmeshev1,2, Lucas Schirmer3,4,5, Diane Jung3,2

  • 1Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. dmitry.velmeshev@ucsf.edu arnold.kriegstein@ucsf.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

自閉症の研究は,特に興奮神経とマイクログリアにおける特定の脳細胞変化を明らかにし,シナプス信号伝達に影響を与え,臨床的重症と相関しています. これらの発見は 皮質回路の分子変化を 自閉症の行動と結びつけています

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 遺伝学
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 自閉症は 臨床的および遺伝的異質性を表しています
  • 以前の大量遺伝子発現の研究では,自閉症における新皮質の変化が収束していることが示されました.
  • 自閉症の脳組織における直接的な細胞型特異的分析は以前は限られていた.

研究 の 目的:

  • 特定の脳細胞の変異を特定するために
  • 自閉症の神経生物学における特定の細胞集団の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 単核RNA配列解析 (snRNA-seq) は,自閉症患者の皮質組織で実施された.
  • 細胞型特異的な遺伝子発現変異を特定するために,トランスクリプトミックのデータを分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 上層刺激性ニューロンのシナプス信号伝達とマイクログリアの分子状態は,自閉症において優先的に影響を受けた.
  • 皮質-皮質投影ニューロンにおける特定の遺伝子群の調節不全は,自閉症の臨床的重症と相関している.
  • 自閉症と関連した細胞型特異な分子シグネチャーを特定した.

結論:

  • 上層の皮質回路の分子の変化が 自閉症に関連しています
  • 特定のニューロンのサブタイプとマイクログリアは 自閉症の病理学における重要な細胞要素です
  • 発見は自閉症の分子基盤の 細胞型解明の理解を提供します