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関連する概念動画

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
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An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
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氷が低温で圧縮されたときに無形な形がない

Chris A Tulk1, Jamie J Molaison2, Adam R Makhluf3

  • 1Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. tulkca@ornl.gov.

Nature
|May 24, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

圧縮運動は無形氷の形成に影響する. 100Kの氷の緩やかな圧縮は,高密度無形氷 (HDA) ではなく,結晶相を生じ,無形氷の2液体水モデルに挑戦する.

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An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 物理化学
  • 凝縮物質物理学

背景:

  • アモルフな水氷は,結晶の秩序がない複数の形態で存在します.
  • 高密度無形氷 (HDA) は以前はガラスの状態と考えられ,超冷却水異常の2液体の水モデルに影響を与えていた.
  • 代替理論では,機械的な不安定性と緩やかな運動性によるHDA形態が示唆されている.

研究 の 目的:

  • アモルフな氷の形成における運動の役割を調査する.
  • アモルフな氷と超冷却液体の水を 結びつける既存の理論に 異議を唱えるために
  • 異なる運動条件下で氷の圧縮経路を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 制御され,ゆっくりとした運動条件下での氷の圧縮 I.
  • 遅い対速い圧縮プロトコルの結果の比較
  • プロトンの順序と相互浸透を含む,結果の氷の段階の構造分析.

主要な成果:

  • 氷Iを100Kでゆっくり圧縮すると,結晶相:氷IX',氷XV',氷VIII'が生成される.
  • 100Kでの急速な圧縮により,高密度無形氷 (HDA) が生成されたが,IX氷は生成されなかった.
  • 氷Iから氷XV'の直接変換は構造的に阻害されていることが判明した.

結論:

  • アモルフな氷の形成は,低密度氷Iと高密度氷XV'の間の運動的に停止した変換である.
  • この研究は,無形氷の相と超冷却水の2液体モデルとの関連に異議を唱える.
  • 熱力学的な融解ではなく,運動学が,無形と結晶の氷の構造の形成を決定する上で重要である.