アフリカの複数の歯類における痛みの無感性の急速な分子進化

Ole Eigenbrod¹, Karlien Y Debus¹, Jane Reznick¹

¹Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 1, 2019

まとめ

カプサイシンや酸のような痛ましい物質に無感性を進化させたことを発見しましたこの研究は痛みを抑えるための分子機構を明らかにし痛みの回避と進化の洞察を提供しています

科学分野:

神経科学
進化生物学
分子生物学

背景:

痛みはアルゴーゲンと呼ばれる有害物質による重要な防御メカニズムです
植物や刺す昆虫は防御兵器としてアルゴゲンを利用します
アルゲン不敏感性の理解は痛みを抑える新しいメカニズムを明らかにします

研究の目的:

アフリカの歯類のアルゲン無感性を特定する.
このネズミの痛み無感覚の分子基盤を調査するために
痛みの研究に進化の適応がどう影響するかを調べるためです

主な方法:

カプサイシン,酸 (pH3. 5),およびアルリルイソチオシアネート (AITC) に対する無感性に対するアフリカの8種の歯類のスクリーニング.
疼痛伝達チャネル (例えば,TRPA1,Na_v1.7) の遺伝的変異を識別するためのRNAシーケンシング.
アルゴーゲンに敏感でない種における NALCN 流出チャネルを含む遺伝子発現の分析

主要な成果:

スクリーニングされた歯類種の中でアルゴーゲン無感性の4つの新しい症例が特定されました.
TRPA1 と Na_v1. 7 チャンネルで発見された配列変異は,無感覚と相関しています.
高原のモールラットで観察されたNALCNチャネルの過剰発現は,ノシセプターによるAITC検出を防ぐ.

結論:

進化の適応は痛みを抑える分子機構の発見に有力なツールとなります
特定の遺伝子とイオンチャネルの発現の変化は有害な刺激に対して無感性を与える.
これらの発見は自然の痛みに対する免疫と潜在的治療目標についての洞察を提供しています

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