魚の繰り返し発生する淡水植民と放射線の代謝基因

Asano Ishikawa^1,2, Naoki Kabeya^3,4, Koki Ikeya⁵

¹Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 1, 2019

まとめ

ドコサヘキサエノ酸 (DHA) 欠乏症は海産魚の淡水コロニー化を制限する. 脂肪酸不飽和遺伝子 (Fads2) の増殖により,淡水への適応が可能になり,適応放射線が容易になる.

科学分野:

進化生物学
遺伝学
海洋生物学

背景:

適応放射線は新しい生態系のニッチの植民によって引き起こされます
植民地化における系統特有の成功に影響を及ぼす要因はほとんど知られていません
ドコサヘキサエノ酸 (DHA) は,海洋生物にとって不可欠なオメガ3脂肪酸です.

研究の目的:

ドコサヘキサエノ酸 (DHA) が海洋魚による淡水植民を抑制する役割を調査する.
魚の淡水適応に伴う遺伝的要因を特定する.

主な方法:

淡水に植民したクジラと植民しなかったクジラのゲノム解析
マリン・スティックバックの脂肪酸不飽和酵素遺伝子 (Fads2) の変遺伝子操作.
多種多様な淡水魚類のゲノム分析を比較する

主要な成果:

Fads2遺伝子の複数の独立複製は淡水を植民地化したスティックバックの系統で見つかりました
操作されたFads2でDHAの合成とDHA不足の食事で生存が向上した.
Fads2複製数の収束増加は,様々な淡水魚で観察されました.

結論:

DHA欠乏症は淡水生息地に住む海洋魚に制約を与える可能性があります
Fads2遺伝子の複製は,淡水植民とその後の適応放射線を可能にする重要な遺伝的適応です.
Fads2遺伝子は淡水魚の進化に重要な役割を果たしています

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