癌 の ゲノム の 中 で の エピスタシス の 特定 ― 微妙 な 問題
Joris van de Haar1, Sander Canisius2, Michael K Yu3
1Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Cell
|June 1, 2019
まとめ
ほとんどのがん遺伝子変異は 経路の構造ではなく 腫瘍のサブタイプと変異負荷により 相互排斥的に見えます 研究者は,これらの複雑な相互作用がよりよく理解されるまで,現在のエピスタシスマップを再検討する必要があります.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- ゲノミクス
- バイオ情報学
背景:
- がんの研究では 相互排他的変異に基づく遺伝子経路を 特定することがよくあります
- ある遺伝子が他の遺伝子の変異に 影響するエピスタシスは 経路の識別における重要な概念です
研究 の 目的:
- 癌の遺伝子変異の相互排他性の根本的な理由を調査する.
- 経路構造やその他の要因が観察された変異パターンを誘発するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 腫瘍ゲノムデータを分析した.
- 異なる癌サブタイプにおける変異パターンの統計的調査
- 変異特異性と腫瘍変異負荷およびその他の特徴の相関
主要な成果:
- 観察された突然変異の相互排他性は,本質的な経路構造ではなく,主に腫瘍サブタイプと全体的な突然変異負荷によって引き起こされる.
- 癌の誘発遺伝子は低変異数を持つ腫瘍で頻繁に変異し,他の変異を除外して現れる.
- 現在のエピスタシスマップは,これらの相互作用を誤って解釈する可能性があります.
結論:
- ガンゲノムの相互排他性は 遺伝子経路を超えた複数の要因に 影響されています
- 腫瘍のサブタイプと変異負荷は,変異パターンに大きく影響する.
- がんゲノム進化に影響を与える要因の複雑な相互作用を理解するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
01:39Epistasis
50.2K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
50.2K
01:09Epistasis Analysis
5.7K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
5.7K
02:02Genomics
39.8K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
39.8K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
36.9K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
36.9K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.0K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.0K
02:16Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
15.4K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
15.4K