乳酸は,MAVSを標的としたRLRシグナリングの自然抑制剤である
Weina Zhang1, Guihua Wang2, Zhi-Gang Xu3
1State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA.
Cell
|June 4, 2019
まとめ
糖分解は通常,乳酸を生成することで免疫信号を抑制し,MAVSに結合し,ウイルス防御を防ぐ. I型インターフェロンの産生を促し,免疫力を高める.
科学分野:
- 生まれつきの免疫
- 代謝の調節
- 信号変換
背景:
- レチノ酸誘導性遺伝子I (RIG-I) 型の受容体 (RLR) のシグナル伝達は,ウイルス感染症に対する宿主防御と癌の監視に不可欠である.
- I型インターフェロン (IFN) は,RLR活性化時に生成される重要なサイトカインで,抗ウイルス免疫には不可欠です.
- 細胞の代謝状態は免疫反応に影響を与えるが,RLRシグナル伝達におけるグリコロジスの特定の役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- RLRの活性化時にタイプI IFNの産生を調節するグリコロジスの役割を調査する.
- 糖分解がRLRシグナル伝達に影響を与える分子機構を特定する.
- 抗ウイルス免疫力を高めるために 糖分解を標的とした治療戦略を探求する.
主な方法:
- RLRの活性化と糖分解の相互作用を,細胞ベースの測定法と生化学的方法を用いて調査した.
- 薬理学的阻害剤と遺伝的アプローチ (例えば,乳酸脱水酵素A (LDHA) 不活性化) を用いて,糖分解と乳酸レベルを調節する.
- 変化した糖分分解の条件下でマウスモデルでのIFNの生成とウイルスのクリアランスを評価した.
主要な成果:
- 活性化すると,RLRの活性化中にIFNの生成を阻害する.
- RLRの活性化により,ヘキソキナーゼの結合が妨げられ,ミトコンドリアの機能が低下する.
- 糖分解の産物である乳酸は,MAVSタンパク質に直接結合し,その結合とその後の下流シグナル伝達を防ぐ.
- 例えば,LDHAを無効化することによって,乳酸のレベルを低下させることで,RLR媒介型I型IFNの産生が促進され,マウスのウイルス保護が改善されます.
結論:
- Glycolysis-derived lactateは,MAVSを直接感知し,対抗することによって,RLRシグナリングの重要な阻害剤として作用する.
- MAVSは細胞のエネルギー代謝 (糖分解) と先天的な免疫反応を結びつける分子リンクとして機能する.
- 乳酸の産生をターゲットにすることで,ウイルス感染症に対するIFN媒介型免疫を高める潜在的な戦略を示しています.
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