肥満患者における手術後の肺合併症に対するレクルートマニュバーによる手術中の高陽性終息圧 (PEEP) と低PEEPの効果:ランダム化臨床試験
, Thomas Bluth1, Ary Serpa Neto2
1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
JAMA
|June 4, 2019
まとめ
肥満患者の手術後の肺合併症は減少しなかった. しかし,この換気戦略は,手術中の低酸素症を減少させました.
科学分野:
- 麻酔科
- クリティカル ケア 医療
- 胸部 外科
背景:
- 手術を受けた肥満患者は,手術後の肺合併症のリスクが高まります.
- 術内換気戦略は,陽性終息圧 (PEEP) とアルベオラ・リクルートメント・マニュバー (ARM) を含め,これらの結果に影響を与える可能性があります.
- 以前の研究では,PEEPとARMの値が高くなったと呼吸機能の改善が示唆されているが,臨床結果のデータは不確実である.
研究 の 目的:
- 心臓外科手術を受けた肥満患者で,より高いレベルのPEEPとARMが,術後の肺合併症を軽減するかどうかを調べる.
- 高PEEP戦略 (12cm H2O) とARMと低PEEP戦略 (4cm H2O) の肺疾患予防の有効性を比較する.
主な方法:
- 心臓外科手術を受ける高リスクの肥満成人 (BMI ≥35) を対象としたランダム化臨床試験.
- 患者は高PEEP (12 cm H2O) とARMのグループ,または低PEEP (4 cm H2O) のグループに分けられ,どちらも体積制御換気を受けた.
- 主なアウトカムは,手術後5日間の肺合併症の複合でした. 二次的アウトカムには,手術中の低酸素症が含まれていた.
主要な成果:
- 低PEEP群の23. 6%に対して高PEEP群の21. 3%で発生し,全肺合併症の有意な差異は示されなかった.
- しかし,高PEEP群では,手術中の低酸素症が有意に減少しました (5. 0% vs 13. 6%,P < 0. 001).
- 特定の肺合併症を含む9つの二次的アウトカムのうち6つは,グループ間で有意に異なるものではありませんでした.
結論:
- 心臓外科手術のための全身麻酔を受けている肥満患者では,より高いPEEPとARMを使用した手術中の呼吸戦略は,より低いPEEPと比較して,術後の肺合併症の発生率を減少させません.
- この戦略は,手術中の低酸素症の減少に有益であり,その特定の用途に関するさらなる調査を正当化します.
- この発見は,この高リスクの手術集団における結果を最適化するために,現在の機械的換気戦略を改良する必要があることを示唆しています.
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