癌のモデル化が人間のオルガノイド技術と出会う

David Tuveson^1,2, Hans Clevers^3,4

¹Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. dtuveson@cshl.edu h.clevers@hubrecht.eu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 8, 2019

まとめ

幹細胞の3Dモデルである腫瘍オルガノイドは人間の癌の高度なモデリングを可能にしますパーソナライズされた医療や免疫腫瘍学の研究においてこれらのオルガノイドは薬の反応を予測する上で極めて重要です

科学分野:

バイオテクノロジー
癌研究
再生医療

背景:

オルガノイドは体外で幹細胞から得られた自己組織化3D構造です
本来の臓器の構造と機能の特徴を模倣しています
オルガノイド技術はヒトのがんモデルの開発を大幅に進めてきました

研究の目的:

ガン研究における腫瘍オルガノイドの現在の応用と将来の可能性を検討する.
患者特有のがんモデルを作成する際にオルガノイドの使用を強調する.
免疫腫瘍学とパーソナライズド医療におけるオルガノイドの役割について議論する.

主な方法:

腫瘍のモデル化のために患者の腫瘍組織からオルガノイドを生成する.
CRISPRの遺伝子編集を用いて正常なオルガノイドの特定の癌遺伝子変異を設計します
腫瘍オルガノイドと免疫細胞および線維芽細胞を共培養して,腫瘍の微環境をモデル化します.

主要な成果:

オルガノイドは汎用的で正確なヒトがんモデルを提供します
エンジニアリングされたオルガノイドは様々な癌の遺伝子変異を複製できます
腫瘍の微小環境モデルは免疫腫瘍学の応用が可能である.
オーガノイドは患者特有の薬剤反応を予測するのに有望である.

結論:

腫瘍オルガノイドは急速に進歩する分野であり,がん研究に重大な影響を及ぼします.
パーソナライズされたがん治療や薬の開発に役立つ強力なツールです
将来の見通しには予測能力の強化とより広範な臨床応用が含まれます

さらに関連する動画

10:30

Organoids as Model for Infectious Diseases: Culture of Human and Murine Stomach Organoids and Microinjection of Helicobacter Pylori

Published on: November 12, 2015

36.4K

05:57

Establishment and Histological Analysis of Esophageal Organoids Modeling the Progression from Normal to Cancerous Tissues

Published on: May 30, 2025

1.0K

関連する概念動画

01:31

Hybridoma Technology

17.3K

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...

17.3K

02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

6.4K

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

6.4K

01:30

Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System

3.3K

Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:

3.3K

02:18

Cancer

53.8K

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

53.8K

02:12

What is Cancer?

14.1K

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...

14.1K

02:16

Stereotype Content Model

15.4K

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...