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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
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ニューロンの小さなRNAは 世代を超えた行動を制御する

Rachel Posner1, Itai Antoine Toker1, Olga Antonova1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

Cell
|June 11, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ニューロンの活動は,C. elegans ネマトドスの世代を超えて継承される. ニューロンは遺伝子発現を調節し,子孫の行動を制御する小さなRNAを産み出し,世代を超えたニューロンのコミュニケーションを証明する.

キーワード:
C. エレガンスエピジェネティック継承ニューロンの小さなRNA非メンデルの継承小型RNA遺伝世代を超えた遺伝

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 遺伝学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 神経系活動の遺伝はよくわかっていない.
  • 小型のRNAは,Caenorhabditis elegansにおける世代間遺伝子調節を媒介する.

研究 の 目的:

  • ニューロンの活動が 世代を超えて受け継がれるかどうかを調べる
  • ニューロンの機能の世代間継承における小さなRNAの役割を解明する.

主な方法:

  • C.エレガンスのニューロンにおける小さなRNA合成を研究した.
  • ゲルムラインの遺伝子発現と子孫の行動に対するニューロンの小RNAの影響を分析した.
  • SAEG-2遺伝子を含め,これらの小さなRNAの標的を特定した.

主要な成果:

  • ニューロンはRDE-4に依存する小さなRNAを合成し,それは複数の世代に渡って生殖遺伝子の発現を調節する.
  • ニューロンの小さなRNAは,HRDE-1経由で少なくとも3世代に渡って子孫の化学反応を制御する.
  • SAEG-2遺伝子の世代間ダウンレギュレーションは,ニューロンの小さなRNAによって媒介され,ストレス誘発の化学反応に不可欠です.

結論:

  • ニューロンの活動は,小さなRNAを通して次の世代に伝わります.
  • 小型RNAベースの新しいメカニズムは ニューロンプロセスの伝達を世代を超えて促進する.
  • このメカニズムは子孫の遺伝子発現と行動に影響し ニューロンの機能と遺伝性の特徴の間の関係を強調しています