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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Dense Connective Tissue01:13

Dense Connective Tissue

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Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue— regular and irregular.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
In dense regular connective tissue, fibers are arranged parallel to each other, enhancing its tensile strength and resistance to stretching in the direction of the fiber orientations. Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular...
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Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
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Seedless Vascular Plants03:24

Seedless Vascular Plants

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Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
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Kinetic Energy00:23

Kinetic Energy

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Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
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エネルギー密度の高いロボットのための電解血管システム

Cameron A Aubin1, Snehashis Choudhury2, Rhiannon Jerch3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Nature
|June 21, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

リドックスフロー電池からインスピレーションを得て 軟体ロボットのための 合成循環器系を開発しました バイオインスパイアされたデザインで エネルギー貯蔵と水力学が統合され ロボットの自律性と稼働期間が 大きく向上します

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科学分野:

  • ロボット
  • バイオインスピレーションによる工学
  • 材料科学

背景:

  • 現代のロボットには 生物の効率と自律性が欠けています
  • エネルギー貯蔵システムは ロボットの自律性を制限する 重要な要素です
  • 現在の制約には,エネルギー貯蔵のサイズ,重量,材料,設計が含まれています.

研究 の 目的:

  • バイオインスピレーションによる多機能アプリケーションを用いたロボットにおけるエネルギー貯蔵の制約を再検討する.
  • 柔軟なロボットのための 合成エネルギー密度の高い循環システムを開発する
  • 水力力の伝達,アクチュエーション,エネルギー貯蔵を統合する.

主な方法:

  • 合成血管系を設計した レドックス・フロー・バッテリーをモデルにした
  • システムを水中の軟体ロボットに組み込みました
  • 柔軟な材料と高度な製造技術を複合的な形状要素に活用した.

主要な成果:

  • 統合された設計により ロボットのエネルギー密度は幾何学的に増加しました
  • ロボット操作が可能で,最大36時間.
  • 血管系は ロボットの動きによって 絶えず変形します

結論:

  • 液体内の電気化学的エネルギー貯蔵は ロボットのエネルギー密度と自律性を高めることができます
  • このアプローチは将来のロボットの設計における効率と多機能性の向上を促進します.
  • バイオインスパイアされた統合システムは より自律的で効率的なロボットへの道を開きます