農作物の多様性によって安定した国内食糧生産

Delphine Renard^1,2, David Tilman^3,4

¹Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. delphinerenard@hotmail.fr.

Nature

|June 21, 2019

まとめ

農作物の多様性は収穫の損失を減らすことで食糧システムの安定性を高めますこの発見は農作物の多様性を増やすことがグローバルな課題の中で安定した食糧供給を確保するための重要な戦略であることを示唆しています

科学分野:

農業科学
エコロジー
食料安全保障

背景:

世界の食糧システムは需要の増大,穀物貯蔵量の減少,気候変動により不安定になっています
現存する解決策は収穫量増やし灌し干ばつに耐えるようにすることです
収穫の安定性における作物の多様性の役割は,まだ十分に研究されていない.

研究の目的:

国内作物多様性の増加が国内総収穫の年次安定性を高めるかどうかを調査する.
豊富な歴史的データを用いて作物の多様性-安定性仮説を検証する.

主な方法:

91カ国の176種の作物の年収データを分析した.
効果的な作物の多様性と収穫の安定性との関連を評価するための統計モデリング
灌,肥料,降水,温度などの変数を制御します.

主要な成果:

国家レベルでの実効的な作物多様性の高まりは,国家全体の収穫の時間的な安定性の高まりと大きく関連しています.
植物の多様性による安定効果は降雨の変動による不安定効果と同等である.
多様性の増加により,収穫の損失が大きい年数が減った.

結論:

国内作物の多様性は,食糧システムの安定性を高めるための重要な要因です.
国内作物の多様性を高めることは,安定した食糧供給を確保するための既存の政策を補完する戦略です.
この発見は,生態系と農業システムの多様性と安定性との理論的関連を裏付けています.

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