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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

64.6K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
64.6K
Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

28.2K

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
28.2K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

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The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
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原子電子トモグラフィを用いて四次元で結晶の核形成を観察する.

Jihan Zhou1,2, Yongsoo Yang1,2,3, Yao Yang1,2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Nature
|June 28, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

原子電子トモグラフィーは,4Dの原子構造と初期段階の原子核のダイナミクスを明らかにします この突破は原子スケールでの 核形成プロセスと相変異に関する 新たな洞察をもたらします

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ナノ科学
  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • 化学について

背景:

  • 核化は結晶化や病気の形成を含む様々な物理的,生物学的プロセスに不可欠です.
  • 原子レベルでの初期核形成の研究は実験的に難しい.
  • これまでの方法では 新生原子核の3次元構造と動態を 決定する解像度が不足していました

研究 の 目的:

  • 原子解像度で4次元 (4D) で初期核形成を調査する.
  • 核の形成と進化の過程における原子構造と動態を決定する.
  • 核化理論の精錬のための実験的証拠を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • 4D原子解像度イメージングを達成するために原子電子トモグラフィーを利用しました.
  • FePtナノ粒子を核化研究のためのモデルシステムとして使用した.
  • Pt核の分子ダイナミクスシミュレーションで証明された結果

主要な成果:

  • 初期段階の原子核は不規則な形状で,1〜3個の原子が最大限の秩序を示しています.
  • オーダーパラメータのグラデーションは,核からその境界まで導きます.
  • 成長,解消,結合,分裂を含む原子核のダイナミックな振る舞いを観察し,捕捉した.

結論:

  • 原子電子トモグラフィーは前例のない4D原子解像度を提供します.
  • 初期段階の核のダイナミクスは,順序パラメータ分布とグラデーションによって支配される.
  • 古典的な核形成理論は,原子規模の核形成過程を記述するために改訂を必要とする.
  • このアプローチにより,相変換や原子解像度での原子拡散などの様々な現象を研究することができます.