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関連する概念動画

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.3K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.3K
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

17.6K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
17.6K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

146.6K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
146.6K
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

48.9K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
48.9K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

197.0K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
197.0K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

137.4K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
137.4K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

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単一分子交差点を通じた潜在誘導型高導体輸送経路

Parisa Yasini, Sepideh Afsari, Haowei Peng

    Journal of the American Chemical Society
    |June 28, 2019
    PubMed
    まとめ

    電子ポテンシャルで分子指向を制御することで,高伝導性単分子結合が可能になります. この分子電子学の突破は 伝統的な方法と比較して 伝導性を大幅に高め ミニチュア化された装置への道を切り開きます

    科学分野:

    • 分子電子
    • ナノテクノロジー
    • 表面科学

    背景:

    • 単一の分子は電子機器の小型化に 可能性を秘めています
    • 電子特性を最適化するために 分子指向を制御することが重要です

    研究 の 目的:

    • 外部で制御された分子指向による単一分子結合の形成を調査する.
    • テトラフルオロテレフタル酸 (TFTPA) とテレフタル酸 (TPA) の導電性を測定し,異なる電極電位下で比較する.

    主な方法:

    • スキャニング・トンネル顕微鏡のブレイク・ジャンクション (STM-BJ) 技術を用いる.
    • NEGF (緑の関数) による計算です.
    • 単一分子伝導性を実験的に測定する.

    主要な成果:

    • 負の電極ポテンシャルで形成される高度に秩序づけられた,平らな方向の分子上部構造は,直接のπ電極接触を可能にします.
    • 垂直的に接続された分子よりも3度高い導電性を示します.
    • 平面TFTPAとTPAの実験的に測定された伝導度は,それぞれ0.24 ± 0.04 G0と0.22 ± 0.02 G0である.
    • 陽性電極電位は秩序ある構造を破壊し,高伝導状態を排除します.

    さらに関連する動画

    A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
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    A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

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    A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
    07:47

    A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

    Published on: April 20, 2015

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    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

    Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
    12:13

    Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

    Published on: June 9, 2010

    13.8K
    A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA
    12:05

    A Simple, Robust, and High Throughput Single Molecule Flow Stretching Assay Implementation for Studying Transport of Molecules Along DNA

    Published on: October 1, 2017

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    A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
    07:47

    A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

    Published on: April 20, 2015

    10.3K

    結論:

    • 電子ポテンシャルによる分子指向の外部制御は,高伝導性単分子結合を形成するための実行可能な戦略です.
    • フラット指向の分子結合は,アンカリンググループで接続されたものを大幅に上回ります.
    • 観測された導電性の電極電位への依存は,LUMO媒介の輸送機構を示唆する.