2次元量子流体における巨大な渦のクラスター

Guillaume Gauthier¹, Matthew T Reeves², Xiaoquan Yu³

¹Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 29, 2019

まとめ

システムにエネルギーを加えると通常は混乱が増加しますしかし,この研究は,2次元超流体の点状渦が,負の絶対温度でも,持続的で秩序のあるクラスターを形成することを示しています.

科学分野:

量子物理学
凝縮物質物理学
流体力学

背景:

短時間的なエネルギー添加は通常,システムの乱れを増加させます.
2次元流体の渦が高エネルギーで再編成されクラスターを形成すると予測されています
超流動系は渦のダイナミクスを研究するためのユニークな環境を提供します

研究の目的:

2次元超流体における持続的な渦のクラスターを実験的に実現し,研究する.
負の絶対温度で渦巻き物質を調査する.
トポロジカル・デフェクトと 2D トルブルンスのダイナミクスを探る

主な方法:

ルビジアム-87 (87Rb) 原子の平面ボース-アインシュタイン凝縮物を利用した.
超流体を円形に閉じ込めた
渦の形成を誘導するために,一時的な振動を通して導入されたエネルギー.

主要な成果:

ボーゼ-アインシュタイン濃縮物で永続的な渦のクラスターを成功させた
これらのクラスターは,地球的な均衡から遠く離れた高エネルギー状態を維持することを示した.
負の絶対温度状態での渦状物質の振る舞いを観察した.

結論:

2D超流体における予測された渦の再編成とクラスター形成の実験的実現.
渦巻クラスターは高エネルギー状態の非均衡状態を維持します
発見は,超流体,二次元乱流,およびトポロジック欠陥を含む多様な分野に関連しています.

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