無監督の文字埋め込みは,材料科学の文献から隠された知識を捕捉します
Vahe Tshitoyan1,2, John Dagdelen3,4, Leigh Weston3
1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. vahe.tshitoyan@gmail.com.
Nature
|July 5, 2019
まとめ
この研究は,テキストから材料科学の知識を抽出するために,無監督の文字埋め込みを導入します. この方法は複雑な概念を捉え 出版された文献から将来の発見を予測します
科学分野:
- 材料科学
- 自然言語処理
- コンピュータ化学
背景:
- 科学的知識は主にテキストで,従来の学習方法と機械学習方法に分析の課題を投げかけています.
- 構造化されたプロパティデータベースは,機械的に解釈可能なデータを提供しますが,科学文献の限られた部分をカバーします.
- 情報検索のための自然言語処理 (NLP) は,手動でラベルを貼った膨大なデータセットを必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 科学文献から材料科学の知識をエンコードするための無監督の方法を開発する.
- 人間の監視なしに 複雑な科学概念を捉える この方法の能力を実証する
- 既存の出版物から将来の材料の発見を予測する可能性を示す.
主な方法:
- 科学的なテキストをエンコードするために,情報密度の高いワードエンブレディング (単語のベクトル表現) を利用した.
- 監視されていない機械学習のアプローチを適用し,人間のラベリングの必要性を排除しました.
- 科学文献の大量に埋め込まれています.
主要な成果:
- 単語の埋め込みは,周期表の構造と構造-性質の関係を含む,暗黙の材料科学の知識を成功裏に捉えました.
- 監視されていない方法は 発見の数年前に 応用可能な材料を予測しました
- 将来の発見のための潜在的知識が過去の出版物の中に埋め込まれていることを実証しました.
結論:
- 科学文献から知識を抽出して活用する効率的な方法を提供します.
- このアプローチは,集団的な知識抽出を可能にし,科学文献の採掘の一般的な方法を提案します.
- この発見は新しい材料の発見と 自動化された知識抽出による科学的研究を加速させるための道を開きます
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