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関連する概念動画

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges02:19

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

21.2K
Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. The periodic table can be used to predict the number of valence electrons in an atom and the number of bonds that will be formed to reach an octet. Group 18 elements, such as argon and helium, have filled electron configurations and thus rarely participate in chemical bonding. However, atoms from group 17, such as...
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Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

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Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
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Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

44.9K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
44.9K
Formal Charges02:42

Formal Charges

40.1K
In some cases, there are seemingly more than one valid Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. The concept of formal charges can be used to help predict the most appropriate Lewis structure when more than one reasonable structure exists.
40.1K
Molecular Structure and Acidity02:34

Molecular Structure and Acidity

20.5K
An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

78.7K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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電荷状態制御による分子構造の解明

Shadi Fatayer1, Florian Albrecht2, Yunlong Zhang3

  • 1IBM Research-Zurich, Rueschlikon 8803, Switzerland. sfa@zurich.ibm.com lgr@zurich.ibm.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は塩化ナトリウムフィルムに 有機分子の電荷状態を制御した. 原子力顕微鏡では,中性,カチオン,アニオン,ダイアニオン状態の異なる構造と性質を明らかにし,分子電子と表面合成を進めた.

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科学分野:

  • 表面科学とナノテクノロジー
  • 分子電子
  • 有機化学

背景:

  • 分子電荷状態は,形状と反応性などの物理化学的性質に大きく影響する.
  • これらの特性を理解することは,触媒,光変換,および分子電子学の応用に不可欠です.
  • 以前の研究では,個々の分子に対する電荷状態の制御と解像度が欠けていました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 有機分子に対する異なる分子電荷状態の影響を制御し,調査する.
  • 異なる電荷状態の分子に対する原子解像度画像と結合順序の差別化を実現する.
  • 形状,吸収,芳香性,結合における電荷状態に依存する変化を探求する.

主な方法:

  • サブストラットとして隔離用多層塩化ナトリウム (NaCl) フィルムを使用しています.
  • 炭素一酸化物 (CO) を使った原子力顕微鏡 (AFM) を使った.
  • 中性,カチオン,アニオン,ダイアニオン状態の分子構造と結合順序を解明した.

主要な成果:

  • アゾベンゼン,テトラシアノキノディメタン,ペンタセンの電荷状態を制御し,特徴づけました.
  • 分子構造,吸収幾何学,および電荷状態の間の結合順序関係における重要な変化を検出した.
  • ポルフィンの芳香性および結合経路の電荷状態に依存する変化が観察された.

結論:

  • 断熱表面での分子電荷状態の精密な制御を証明した.
  • 原子解像度で,電荷の関数として構造と性質の関係に関する洞察を提供した.
  • 幅広い電荷状態で個々の分子の化学構造ダイナミクスを研究するための新しい道を開きました.