古代の牛のゲノム,起源,そして肥沃な半月の急速な周回
Marta Pereira Verdugo1, Victoria E Mullin1,2, Amelie Scheu1,3
1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
まとめ
古代の牛のゲノムは地域的な多様性と 青銅器時代のゼブ (ボス・インディカス) の侵入を明らかにし 干ばつと雄介の群れの適応によって引き起こされた可能性が高い. この遺伝的シフトは 世界的に牛の個体数に影響を与えました
科学分野:
- 古代のDNA分析
- 集団遺伝学
- 考古遺伝学
背景:
- 現代牛の集団は,広範囲にわたる混合により,地域的な違いが隠されている.
- 初期の家畜の家畜化と分散を理解することは 農業の歴史にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 古代近東の牛 (ボス・タウルス) の遺伝史と地域的多様性を調査する.
- ゼブ (ボス・インディカス) が近東の牛群に侵入した起源とタイミングを特定する.
- 牛の混合の要因と 性別特有のパターンを調査する.
主な方法:
- 67匹の古代近東の牛の遺体を ゲノム分析した
- 古代の牛のゲノムとウオークの祖先と現代の集団の比較
- ミトコンドリアDNA分析により 性別特異の侵入パターンを推測する.
主要な成果:
- 古代の牛のゲノムは,現代の添加物より前の重要な地域的多様性を明らかにしています.
- 初期の家畜の起源は様々で 野生の家畜の侵入は別々に確認された.
- ブロンズ時代のシフトは,おそらく干ばつによって刺激されたインダス渓谷からの迅速で広範なゼブ (Bos indicus) の侵入を示しています.
- ミトコンドリアDNAデータによると 男性によるゼブの侵入により 乾燥地帯に適応した群れの生存が向上しています
結論:
- 古代近東の牛の集団は 異なる地域遺伝的プロファイルを示した.
- 干ばつによって始まったゼブの侵入は,牛の歴史において重要な出来事でした.
- ゼブウのオスによる選択により 適応と拡散が容易になり 牛の遺伝学に 影響を与えたのです
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