ブラジルの統一医療システム:最初の30年と将来の見通し
Marcia C Castro1, Adriano Massuda2, Gisele Almeida3
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 16, 2019
まとめ
ブラジル
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 健康政策
- 医療システム
背景:
- ブラジルの憲法は1988年に健康を普遍的な権利として確立しました.
- 統一医療制度 (Sistema Único de Saúde,SUS) は1990年に設立され,全国民に医療サービスを提供しています.
- ブラジルでは 医療への普遍的なアクセスを 困難にも関わらず 達成しています
研究 の 目的:
- ブラジルの統一医療制度 (SUS) の30年間の経緯を分析する.
- 不平等で資源が限られている環境で 普遍的な健康保険を拡大するための教訓を 特定する.
- 最近の政策がSUSの持続可能性に与える影響を検討する.
主な方法:
- 30年間にわたるSUSの発展と拡大の分析
- 政治的,法的,組織的,管理的構造の検討
- 財政政策の検討と医療への影響
主要な成果:
- SUSは医療サービス提供を大幅に拡大しました.
- 重要なイノベーションには 堅実なガバナンス,計画,資金調達構造が含まれます.
- 地理的な不平等や 資金不足や 最良の公私間の協力など 持続的な問題です
結論:
- SUSは様々な国で普遍的な健康保険制度を確立するための貴重な教訓を提供します.
- SUSを維持するには,不平等や資金の不足に対処し,セクター間の協力を改善する必要があります.
- 最近の緊縮政策と政策の変化は,SUSの成果と持続可能性を脅かしています.
関連する概念動画
01:18Introduction To Health Care Delivery System
The healthcare system is constantly changing and complex. Various services are available from different healthcare providers, but gaining access to these services has become challenging for people with limited healthcare insurance. Uninsured people present a challenge to healthcare because they frequently postpone or forego treatment.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocates for a patient-centered, effective, safe, timely, equitable, and effective healthcare system. The National Priorities...
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocates for a patient-centered, effective, safe, timely, equitable, and effective healthcare system. The National Priorities...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
01:11Secondary Healthcare System
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
01:21Tertiary Healthcare System
Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care to...
01:29Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...