アウストラロピテクス・アフリカンスの歯の特徴は 季節的な食事によるストレスを示しています
Renaud Joannes-Boyau1, Justin W Adams2,3, Christine Austin4
1Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group, Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. renaud.joannes-boyau@scu.edu.au.
Nature
|July 17, 2019
まとめ
アウストラロピテカス・アフリカンスの赤ちゃんは 最初の1年間 母乳に頼っていました 歯の微量元素の分析により 初期ホミニンの食事ストレスに対する 変動する食物供給と生理学的適応が明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 古人類学
- 古代生態学
- 地化学
背景:
- 絶滅したヒト類の食生活を再構築することは 難しいことですが 特に変形形態を持つ オストラロピテクス・アフリカンスの場合です
- 絶滅したホミニンの季節的な食糧不足と哺乳行動に対する食事反応の理解は限られている.
- 以前の微量元素の分析は ホモ・サピエンス,ホモ・ネアンデルタール人,そして生きている類人猿に焦点を当てていた.
研究 の 目的:
- アウストラロピテクス・アフリカンスの食生活と生態学的適応を調査する.
- A.アフリカナスの乳児が経験した哺乳のパターンと食料の入手性を再構築する.
- A.アフリカナスの生存に対する変動する資源の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- ステルクフォンテインメンバー4の2つのA. africanus歯の高解像度微量元素地化学分析 (2.6-2.1百万年前).
- 哺乳期間と食事パターンを決定する要素信号の分析
- 地理的な範囲と資源の可用性を推測するための同位体証拠.
主要な成果:
- 基礎的な兆候は,A. africanusの乳児期の最初の1年間,母乳の消費が長期間続いたことを示している.
- 周期的な要素パターンは 不規則な食物供給と季節的な食事ストレスを示唆している.
- 歯のリチウム蓄積は 変動する資源と生理学的適応を裏付けます
結論:
- A. africanusの乳児は 特定の哺乳行動を持ち 季節的な食糧不足を経験しました
- この種は不安定な環境への生理学的適応を示した.
- A. africanus の食事によるストレスが,この期間のすぐ後の絶滅に寄与したのかもしれない.
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