カルモジュリンによるカルシウムチャネルは,病原体パターンと植物免疫を結びつける

Wang Tian¹, Congcong Hou¹, Zhijie Ren²

¹Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Nature

|July 19, 2019

まとめ

植物免疫はカルシウム信号に依存しています研究者らは,サイクルヌクレオチドゲートチャネル (CNGC) が,キナーゼによって活性化され,病原体検出時に植物防御反応を誘発することを発見しました.

科学分野:

植物生物学
免疫学
分子生物学

背景:

病原体に関連した分子パターン (PAMPs) は植物における先天的な免疫を誘発する.
植物におけるPAMP誘発免疫 (PTI) に関するカルシウムシグナル伝達は非常に重要ですが,その背後にあるメカニズムは不明です.

研究の目的:

植物におけるPAMP誘発カルシウムシグナル伝達のメカニズムを解明する.
PTI中のカルシウム流入に責任のある分子成分を特定する.

主な方法:

アラビドプシスのサイクルヌクレオチドゲートチャネル (CNGC) タンパク質の役割を調査した.
CNGC2とCNGC4のタンパク質機能を研究するために,再構成システムを使用した.
CNGCs,calmodulin,およびBOTRYTIS誘発キナーゼ1 (BIK1) の間の相互作用を調べました.

主要な成果:

CNGC2とCNGC4タンパク質は,カルシウム供給が十分である場合に,機能的なカルシウムチャネルを形成する.
このCNGCチャネルは,静止状態のカルモジュリンによって遮断されます.
エフェクタキナーゼBIK1は,病原体の攻撃時にCNGCチャネルをリン酸化し,活性化させ,細胞酸カルシウムを増加させます.

結論:

CNGC媒介によるカルシウムの流入は,植物におけるPAMP誘発免疫に不可欠である.
この経路はパターン認識受容体をカルシウムに依存した防御反応と結びつけます
カルシウム栄養状態は,カルシウム依存のPTIに重大な影響を及ぼします.

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