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認識を誘発する皮質層特有の重要なダイナミクス
James H Marshel1, Yoon Seok Kim2, Timothy A Machado1,2
1CNC Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 20, 2019
まとめ
研究者はオプトジェネティクスを使って マウス新皮質の個々のニューロンを正確に制御しました この刺激はニューロンネットワークを駆動し 視覚的差別行動に成功し 層特有の皮質の動態を明らかにしました
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- オプトジェネティクス
- システム神経科学
背景:
- 哺乳類の新皮質におけるニューロン活動パターンは,知覚体験の基礎にあると仮定されている.
- 特定のニューロンの活動と行動の因果関係を理解することが重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 視覚的差別における特定のニューロン集合の役割を調査する.
- オプトジェネティックに誘発された ニューロンの活動と行動の因果関係を調べる
- 認識のタスク中に新皮質内の層特有のダイナミクスを特徴づける.
主な方法:
- ニューロンの制御のために新しい赤色シフトチャネルロドプシン (ChRmine) を利用した.
- マルチフォトンホログラフィー (MultiSLM) を用いて,精密な大容量の神経刺激を行う.
- 視覚的差別のタスク中にマウス新皮質のニューロンの活動を記録し,分析した.
主要な成果:
- 刺激指向型選択ニューロンは,機能的に関連したニューロンの集団を勧誘する.
- これらの集合体の光遺伝的活性化により 正確な行動差別が成功しました
- レイヤ2/3からレイヤ5への神経活動の非対称な伝播が観察され,レイヤ5の組み合わせが非常に有効である.
- 集団の動態を予測し 自然の視覚表現を反映した
結論:
- ニューロンの集合体の精密な光遺伝的制御は 特定の知覚行動を直接誘発することができます
- 神経皮質の処理は,視覚的差別の際に異なる層特有のダイナミクスを示します.
- ターゲットを絞った刺激によって ニューロンのネットワークを活性化させるのに 必要な機能は 欠かせない.
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