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妊娠中の女性におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの再確認勧告声明
, Douglas K Owens1,2, Karina W Davidson3
1Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
JAMA
|July 24, 2019
まとめ
妊娠中の女性のB型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染のスクリーニングは,乳児への感染の予防に不可欠です. 検診が有意な利点をもたらすという証拠があり,出産前HBV検査の推奨が再確認されました.
科学分野:
- 肝病と感染症
- 公衆衛生と予防医学
- 産婦人科
背景:
- 母親のB型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染は,胎内感染の危険性があります.
- 乳児のワクチン接種に関するガイドラインにもかかわらず,母親のHBV感染率は上昇し,子供の慢性感染の確率は増加しています.
- 慢性 HBV 感染症は肝硬変や癌を含む深刻な長期的な健康問題をもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- 妊娠中の女性におけるHBV感染のスクリーニングに関する2009年の米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) の勧告を更新する.
- 胎児間 HBV 感染を予防するためのスクリーニングと症例管理の有効性と有害性に関する新しい証拠を評価する.
主な方法:
- 再確認証拠の更新は USPSTFによって委託されました.
- このレビューは,妊婦のHBV感染のスクリーニングの有効性と潜在的な害に焦点を当てた.
- 産後感染を予防するための症例管理の有効性と有害性に関する証拠も評価された.
主要な成果:
- B型肝炎の表面抗原に対する血清検査は,HBV感染を正確に特定します.
- 症例管理プログラムを含む介入は,胎児間 HBV 感染を予防するのに有効です.
- 症例管理は,時間とともに生後感染の減少を示し,かなりの健康上の利益をもたらしています.
結論:
- USPSTFは,妊娠中の女性のHBV感染のスクリーニングは,実質的な利益をもたらすという結論を再確認します.
- 妊娠中の HBV 感染のスクリーニングの有効性を裏付ける説得力のある証拠があります.
- USPSTFは,妊婦の最初の産前診察でHBV感染のスクリーニングを推奨しています.
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