β-トリケトン除草剤に対する幅広い耐性を与える米遺伝子

Hideo Maeda¹, Kazumasa Murata², Nozomi Sakuma³

¹Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 27, 2019

まとめ

科学者たちは,ベンゾビサイクロン (BBC) と同様の除草剤に対する耐性を提供するHIS1遺伝子を米で発見しました. この遺伝子は

科学分野:

植物遺伝学
生物化学
農業科学

背景:

米の遺伝的多様性は作物の改善に不可欠です.
ある種の米は,HPPDを阻害する除草剤であるベンゾビサイクロン (BBC) に敏感である.
農薬耐性メカニズムを理解することは農業にとって不可欠です

研究の目的:

ベンゾビサイクロン (BBC) の除草剤に対する耐性を引き起こす遺伝子を特定する.
この遺伝子が耐性を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
抗除草剤の作物を育てるというこの遺伝子の可能性を探るため

主な方法:

遺伝子識別とクローン
解毒メカニズムを決定する酵素活性測定法
米とアラビドプシスの遺伝子発現分析
遺伝子組み換え植物の除草剤に対する感受性試験

主要な成果:

米の遺伝子であるHIS1 (HPPD INHIBITOR SENSITIVE 1) は,BBCや他のβ-トリケトン除草剤に対する耐性を授与することが確認された.
HIS1はFe (II) /2-オキシグルタレット依存性酸素酶をコードし,これらの除草剤を水酸化し,解毒する.
機能不全のHIS1アレルはインディカ米の品種にたどりつけられ,BBCの感受性を説明しました.
HIS1を発現するトランスジェニック*アラビドopsis*は,複数のβ-トリケトン除草剤に対する耐性を示した.

結論:

HIS1は,米のβトリケトン除草剤耐性の重要な遺伝子である.
HIS1遺伝子の解毒メカニズムは除草剤に耐える作物を開発するための経路を提供します
HIS1は将来の農業育種プログラムに大きな可能性を秘めています

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