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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Rescue of Recombinant Zika Virus from a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome cDNA Clone
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センターメリック DNA を バイパス する 人工染色体

Glennis A Logsdon1, Craig W Gambogi1, Mikhail A Liskovykh2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, and Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,繰り返しDNAやCENP-Bなしで機能する新しい人工染色体 (HAC) を開発した. この発見により 合成哺乳類のゲノムの作成が簡単になり 合成生物学が進歩しました

キーワード:
HAC についてセントロメアクロマチンエピジェネティクスヒストン人工染色体キネトコアミトシス核細胞合成染色体

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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関連する実験動画

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08:10

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Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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科学分野:

  • 合成生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 哺乳類のセントロメアの仕様は,ヒストンH3の変種であるCENP-Aに依存しています.
  • 以前の人工染色体 (HAC) は,繰り返しアルファ衛星DNAとCENP-Bを必要としていました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 繰り返しのセントロメリックDNAとCENP-Bから独立した新しいタイプのHACを開発する.
  • 合成染色体におけるセントロメア形成の代替経路を探求する.

主な方法:

  • CENP-A核細胞種子の戦略をコンストラクタ形成に利用した.
  • HAC作成のための非繰り返しのDNA構造を開発しました.
  • HAC機能とDNA吸収特性を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 機能的なHACは DNAの繰り返しのない構造から形成された.
  • これらのHACはCENP-Bと初期CENP-Aの種まきから独立して運営された.
  • 形成されたHACではゲノムDNAの吸収は観察されなかった.

結論:

  • 伝統的なセントロメア形成の制約を回避する新しい,反復しないHACが実証されました.
  • 異なるDNA配列のための異なるセントロメア形成経路を特定した.
  • 簡素化されたHAC構造は,哺乳類の合成ゲノムイニシアチブを容易にする.