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関連する概念動画

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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抑制性遺伝子調節 細胞代謝と同期する

Justin J Cassidy1, Sebastian M Bernasek2, Rachael Bakker3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Cell
|July 30, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

代謝の変化は動物の発達のタイミングに影響します レイヤー化された遺伝子抑制は 代謝と発達を同期させ 誤差を軽減し 潜在的に生殖サイクルを短縮します

キーワード:
ドロソフィラ制御理論開発数学的モデリングメタボリズムマイクロRNA

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • システム生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • 代謝状態は動物の発達に大きく影響する.
  • 発達遺伝子規制ネットワーク (GRNs) は,代謝によって課される変数時間スケールに適応しなければなりません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 遺伝子調節ネットワーク (GRN) の層次抑制メカニズムが代謝変動とどのように同期するかを調査する.
  • 代謝率の低下が 遺伝子抑制の変化に伴う 発達障害にどう影響するかを理解する.

主な方法:

  • ドロソフィラの抑制剤 (転写,mRNA,タンパク質の安定性,マイクロRNA) の実験操作
  • 異なる代謝条件下でのGRNダイナミクスをシミュレートするために数学的モデルを使用する.
  • 発達の誤差率と遺伝子発現のダイナミクスを測定する

主要な成果:

  • 代謝が低下すると 発達の誤差が少なくなります
  • マイクロRNA抑制剤の除去により,代謝が低下した状態で成熟までの発達が部分的に回復した.
  • 低代謝は補助抑制剤の影響を制限することで発達障害を抑制することが示された.
  • 実験データによると,代謝が低下したときに,抑制剤の喪失によって,遺伝子発現の動態は影響されることが少ない.

結論:

  • レイヤード・リプレッションは 誤りを抑制することで 発達遺伝子規制ネットワークに 頑丈さをもたらします
  • 低代謝は,抑制剤の欠乏によって引き起こされる発達障害を軽減することができます.
  • このメカニズムは 短めの生殖サイクルを達成するための 進化の経路を提供するかもしれません