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関連する概念動画

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.2K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.2K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.4K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.4K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

9.4K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
9.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.4K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
53.3K
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

3.5K
Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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ラジカル・リング・クロージング/リング・オープニング・カスケード・ポリメリゼーション

Hanchu Huang1, Wenqi Wang1, Zefeng Zhou1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,ラジカル・リング・クロージング/リング・オープニング・カスケード・ポリメリゼーションを使用して,ポリマーを合成するための新しい方法を開発しました. この戦略により,分解性が組み込まれている複雑なポリマー構造が作られます.

さらに関連する動画

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils
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Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
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Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils
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Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development
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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 有機合成

背景:

  • 新しいポリメリゼーション戦略の開発は,先進的な材料の作成に不可欠です.
  • ラジカルポリメリゼーションはポリマー合成のための多用途な経路を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 主鎖ポリマー合成のための新しい戦略を,ラジカル・リング・クローズ/リング・オープニング・カスケード・ポリメリゼーションで報告する.
  • 複雑なメインチェーン構造と分解可能な機能を持つポリマーの合成を可能にします.

主な方法:

  • 効率的なラジカルサイクロポリメリゼーションのために,1,6-ディエンの構造の電子特性の体系的な最適化.
  • カスケード反応を起こすために,1,6-ディエンの溶解とアルリル硫化物またはアルリル硫化物モチーフ.
  • 1,6-ダイネと融合したアリル硫黄からSO2を挤出して,可逆的な無活性化によるアルキル基を生成する.

主要な成果:

  • 1,6-ディエンの構造を最適化することで効率的なラジカル・サイクロポリメリゼーションを達成した.
  • 大量のマクロサイクルモノメアのポリメリゼーションによって導かれる環閉/環開のカスケード反応が実証された.
  • 逆戻り可能なアルキル基を生成した

結論:

  • 報告された戦略は,複雑なメインチェーンのアーキテクチャを持つポリマーを合成するための一般的なプラットフォームを提供します.
  • この方法は,分解可能な機能をポリマーメインチェーンに組み込むことを可能にします.
  • ラジカル・リング・クロージング/リング・オープニング・カスケード・ポリメリゼーションは,高度なポリマー設計のための強力なアプローチを提供します.