関連する実験動画
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

09:34
Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
Published on: April 21, 2017
17.3K
人為的なエアロゾールに対する液体雲水の弱い平均反応
Velle Toll1,2, Matthew Christensen3, Johannes Quaas4
1Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK. velle.toll@ut.ee.
Nature
|August 2, 2019
まとめ
人為的なエアロゾールは,以前の理論に反して,雲の水分を弱く減少させます. この発見は,エアロゾールの冷却効果が予想より小さいことを示すことで,気候変動予測の不確実性を軽減します.
科学分野:
- 大気科学
- 気候科学
- 雲の物理
背景:
- 人為的なエアロゾールは 雲と相互作用することで 地球の気候に影響を与えます
- エアロゾールによる雲水の増加は,抑制された雨を介して,著しい冷却を引き起こすと仮定されました.
- これは,人為的な強制に対する表面温度の高感度を示唆した.
研究 の 目的:
- 雲の水に対するエアロゾールの直接的な観測証拠を提供すること.
- 液相雲の水分量に対するエアロゾールの影響を定量化する.
- エアロゾールによる気候冷却効果を再評価する.
主な方法:
- 様々な人為的な源からの風の下の汚染された雲の直接観測
- 汚染された雲と汚染されていない雲の水分を比較する.
- エアロゾールによる雲水の変化と気候強制への貢献の見積もり
主要な成果:
- エアロゾールは,液相雲水の比較的弱い平均減少を引き起こします.
- 降雨を抑制したエアロゾール効果 (水分増加) と蒸発を増加させた効果 (水分減少) は部分的に取り消されます.
- 観測された雲水の減少は,雲の水滴濃度の増加による冷却効果の23%を相殺する.
結論:
- 雲の水分が増えたために 気候がかなり冷たくなったという仮説は 失効している.
- エアロゾールと雲の相互作用は,以前に推定されたより弱い冷却効果を持っています.
- 将来の気候予測の不確実性は減少する.
関連する概念動画
Weak Base Solutions
24.9K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
24.9K
Weak Acid Solutions
42.3K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
42.3K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base
4.8K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
As a result, there is no simple...
4.8K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base
49.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.1K
The Water Cycle
28.1K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
28.1K
Average Acceleration
12.9K
The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
12.9K

