ブロードバンドギャップの鉛酸化塩を用いた太陽電池操作のためのハリドペロブスキート表面の安定化
Shuang Yang1,2, Shangshang Chen1, Edoardo Mosconi3
1Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 3, 2019
まとめ
研究 者 たち は,ペロブスキート の 太陽電池 の 表面 を 水 に 溶け ない 鉛 酸化 塩 の 層 に 変え て 安定 さ せる よう に し まし た. 耐水性を高め 欠陥を軽減し 太陽電池の効率と長期の安定性を高めます
科学分野:
- 材料科学
- 再生可能エネルギー
- 太陽光発電
背景:
- 鉛ハリドペロブスキットは有望な光伏材料ですが,特に湿気のある環境では安定性が低下しています.
- ペロブスキットの表面の欠陥は,電荷再結合センターとして機能し,デバイスの性能と運用寿命を制限します.
- 既存の安定化戦略はしばしば複雑な封じ込みを伴うか,物質の固有の分解を完全に処理しない場合がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 鉛ハリドペロブスキートの安定性と効率を向上させるための表面受動化戦略を開発する.
- 水に溶けない鉛オキシ塩層の形成を調査し,ペロブスキート膜の保護を強化する.
- ペロブスキート太陽電池の光電子特性と長期の運用安定性に対するこの被動化の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 鉛ハリドペロブスキットフィルムの表面処理は,硫酸塩またはリン酸イオンを使用して鉛 (II) オキシサルト層を形成します.
- 鉛酸化塩層の化学結合,耐水性,および欠陥受動性の特徴.
- シミュレートされた太陽光照射と高温下での改造された表面を持つペロブスキート太陽電池の製造と試験.
主要な成果:
- 頑丈で水に溶けない鉛酸化塩の覆い層がペロブスキート表面に形成され,耐水性を高めます.
- 表面の欠陥密度が大幅に減少する. 調整不足の鉛中心の受動化による.
- パワー変換効率は21.1%に達し,加速老化の1200時間後に初期効率の96.8%を維持しました.
結論:
- 鉛酸化塩への表面変換は,鉛ハリドペロブスキットを水分と分解に対して安定させるための効果的な戦略です.
- パッシベーションアプローチは,キャリア再結合寿命を向上させ,太陽電池の性能を向上させます.
- 開発された方法は,耐久的で効率的なペロブスキート太陽電池技術のための有望な経路を提供します.
関連する概念動画
03:18Nuclear Stability
22.9K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
To hold positively charged protons together...
22.9K
02:45Alkyl Halides
19.6K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.6K
01:21Cell-surface Signaling
53.9K
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
53.9K
01:53RNA Stability
35.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.6K
01:12Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis
3.9K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
3.9K
01:01Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
3.5K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
3.5K