漁業への反応として,相反するゲノムシフトが,並行的な現象的進化の基礎となっている

Nina O Therkildsen¹, Aryn P Wilder², David O Conover³

¹Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. nt246@cornell.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 3, 2019

まとめ

ヒトによる進化は魚の急速な適応を促しますがゲノムの基礎は不明ですこの研究は,成長に関連する遺伝子の並列の遺伝的シフトを明らかにしますが,実験集団における異なる進化の経路を強調しています.

科学分野:

進化生物学
ゲノミクス
アントロポケンの研究

背景:

人類の活動が進化の大きな原動力です
迅速な適応のゲノム基盤を理解することは保護と管理に不可欠です
アントロポセンは自然集団に独特の選択的圧力をかけています

研究の目的:

サイズ選択的採集に対する迅速な適応のゲノム基礎を調査する.
魚の実験集団における並行して異なる進化軌道を比較する.
迅速な適応を促す重要な遺伝子や遺伝子変異を特定する

主な方法:

魚群におけるサイズ選択的採集による実験的進化
複製系にわたるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子のゲノム解析
アレル周波数シフトとフェノタイプの変化の比較

主要な成果:

アレル周波数の並列のシフトは,主に成長に関連する遺伝子で,何百もの関連のない変異体間で観察されました.
特定の遺伝子のスーパークラスターは一つの複製系で急速に増加したが,他のものはそうではなかった.
フェノタイプの収束はゲノムレベルで重要な差異を隠しています

結論:

ヒトによる選択への急速な適応は,並列および偶然のゲノム反応の両方を表すことができます.
大きさの選択による収穫は急速な進化的変化につながります
ゲノム多様性の理解は,人類時代における進化の結果を予測する鍵です.

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