中石器時代 の 採集 者 たち は,エチオピア の 氷河 が 覆い て いる バレ 山 の 高地 に 住ん で い まし た
Götz Ossendorf1, Alexander R Groos2, Tobias Bromm3
1Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. gossend1@uni-koeln.de alexander.groos@giub.unibe.ch bruno.glaser@landw.uni-halle.de.
まとめ
アフリカのフィンチャ・ハベラという 古代の高地での開拓は4万7千年から3万1千年前まで遡ります この寒いアルプスの環境で 狩猟採集者のために 固有の歯類を搾取することが 鍵でした
科学分野:
- 古人類学
- 考古学
- 人間 の 適応
背景:
- 高度アルプスの環境での初期の人間の定住を理解することは,人間の適応の可能性の洞察にとって極めて重要です.
- チベットの高原にはプレイストセンの末期と中期の人間の存在の証拠があるが,高地での初期の定住の文脈はほとんど不明である.
- この研究は,アフリカ最大のアルプスの生態系を中心に, 史前高地の居住地を調査しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 史前高地の住居跡の 最古の証拠を報告する
- アルプス山脈の環境における早期の人類の定住の性質と背景を調査する.
- 挑戦的な環境における人間の適応の可能性を理解する
主な方法:
- フィンチャ・ハベラ山の 考古学的な発掘
- カーボン年代測定は 占領期間を決定する
- 動物の遺骸を分析して 食物源を特定する
主要な成果:
- アフリカで発見された 史前高地の住居跡の最古の証拠
- フィンチャ・ハベラ岩の繰り返し占領は 4万7千年から3万1千年前に遡ります
- 主要な食糧源として固有の歯類の搾取は,入植を容易にした.
結論:
- フィンチャ・ハベラは 史上最も古い高地の居住地です
- プレイストセンの末期の狩猟採集者の寒い氷河環境への適応には エンドミックな歯類の搾取が不可欠であった.
- この発見は,アルプスの生態系における人間の生理学的,遺伝的,文化的適応の可能性についての洞察を提供します.
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