炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸 炭酸
Pengfei Yu1,2,3, Owen B Toon4,5, Charles G Bardeen6
1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. pengfei.yu@colorado.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 10, 2019
まとめ
野火の煙は2017年に平流に達し 8ヶ月以上続いた. 太陽熱によって 煙雲が上昇し 光化学反応によって 煙雲の寿命が短縮され 核戦争の気候への影響が 明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 大気化学
- 気候科学
- リモートセンシング
背景:
- 2017年,カナダ西部で発生した森林火災により, 大気圏に大量の煙が放出されました.
- 衛星によって8ヶ月以上も 煙の渦が検出されました
- ブラック・カーボンの吸収により 太陽光線が急激に上昇しました
研究 の 目的:
- ストラトスフィアの煙霧の行動と寿命を分析するために
- 煙の組成,特に黒い炭素の含有量を決定する.
- 煙の腐敗における光化学反応の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 衛星データを分析して 煙の範囲と長さを追跡する
- 観測された羽根のロフト率とモデルシミュレーションの比較.
- 光化学的損失をモデル化するための経験的反応確率の開発.
主要な成果:
- 太陽熱による煙は2ヶ月以内に12~23kmの高さに達した.
- 黒炭は煙質量の約2%を占めていた.
- ストラトスフィアの煙の寿命は,標準モデルの予測より40%短く,重要な光化学的損失を示しています.
結論:
- 太陽熱と光化学反応は,平流圏の煙動力学に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- 核戦争シナリオを含む 潜在的な地球温暖化の影響を理解するために 重要なデータを提供しています
- ストラトスフィアの煙の正確なモデリングは,光化学的損失プロセスを組み込む必要があります.
関連する概念動画
01:12Carbon Skeletons
114.2K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
114.2K
01:14The Carbon Cycle
43.3K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.3K
01:10Detection of Black Holes
2.5K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.5K
01:24Carbonation Shrinkage
451
Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
451
01:34Production of Formed Elements
3.6K
Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Most HSCs commit to...
3.6K
01:31Discharge Summary Forms
1.2K
The discharge summary is crucial as it enables a smooth transition from a healthcare facility to a patient's home or another care setting. This critical document facilitates seamless continuity of care, ensuring patients receive the necessary support and attention.
Here's a detailed look at the key components and guidelines for preparing a discharge summary:
Here's a detailed look at the key components and guidelines for preparing a discharge summary:
1.2K