大気汚染への長期的曝露と量的に評価された肺腫と肺機能の変化との関連
Meng Wang1,2,3, Carrie Pistenmaa Aaron4, Jaime Madrigano5,6
1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle.
JAMA
|August 14, 2019
まとめ
オゾン (O3),微細粒子 (PM2.5),窒素酸化物 (NOx) といった大気汚染物質に長期にわたる曝露は,肺気腫の悪化と肺機能の低下に関連しています. この研究は,現代の大気汚染の 呼吸器の健康上のリスクを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 環境 健康
- 肺医学
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 歴史的な大気汚染は 心血管疾患や呼吸器疾患と関連しています
- 現代の大気汚染物質濃度と肺腫の進行との関連はよく理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 周囲のオゾン (O3),微細粒子 (PM2.5),窒素酸化物 (NOx) と黒炭の曝露と肺の変化の間の縦断的な関連性を評価する.
- 空気の汚染物質が 肺機能に及ぼす影響を 時間の経過とともに評価する.
主な方法:
- 動脈硬化多民族研究 (MESA) 空気および肺研究 (2000年−2018年) の7071人の成人を対象としたコホート研究.
- 住居特有の大気汚染物質の濃度を推定した時空モデルを検証した.
- 肺圧縮症の割合はCTスキャンで,肺機能はスピロメトリーで測定された.
主要な成果:
- 長期にわたるO3,PM2.5,NOx,ブラックカーボンへの曝露は,10年間にわたって肺腫の割合の増加と関連していました.
- フォローアップ中のO3とNOxの曝露は,エムフィゼマの進行と相関していた.
- 1秒間の強制排気量 (FEV1) の減少と有意に関連していた.
結論:
- 大気汚染物質への長期的曝露は,肺腫の進行と肺機能の低下と有意に関連しています.
- 一般的な大気汚染物質への曝露を減らすことが公衆衛生上の重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Lung Capacity
56.1K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
56.1K
Long-term Depression
33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction
24.0K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.0K
Association Areas of the Cortex
9.0K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.0K
Associative Learning
1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
Global Climate Change
28.7K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
28.7K


