不平等な人々の社会的ジレンマ
Oliver P Hauser1, Christian Hilbe2, Krishnendu Chatterjee3
1Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, UK. o.hauser@exeter.ac.uk.
Nature
|August 16, 2019
まとめ
不平等は協力関係を弱体化させますが 協力関係を発展させるには 能力と生産性の違いが必要かもしれません 調和のとれた不平等は 全体的な福祉を最大化しますが 調和のとれない不平等は 協力の崩壊につながります
科学分野:
- 進化のゲーム理論
- 行動経済学
- 社会協力のダイナミクス
背景:
- 直接的な互換性は 繰り返されたやり取りにおける協力を促しますが 平等な参加者を前提としています
- 人類社会は 普遍的な不平等を呈しており 協力には 害があると考えられています
- 現存する相互性モデルでは,個々の差異の影響を無視しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 不平等な個人間の直接的相互関係を研究するための枠組みを開発する.
- 不平等の異なる源 (資材,生産性) が協力にどのように影響するか調査する.
- 不平等が協力を促進したり妨害したりする条件を調査する.
主な方法:
- 複数の不平等の源を持つ直接的相互性のための一般的な数学的枠組みを開発した.
- 寄付金,生産性,公共財の恩恵に含まれる.
- 対象の能力と生産性を操作することで モデル予測をテストする行動実験を行いました
主要な成果:
- 極端な不平等は協力を妨げるが,生産性が異なるときには,ある程度の能力の不平等が必要になる.
- より高い生産性が より高い資質と一致すると 全体的な福祉が最大化されます
- 配分と生産性の不一致は 協力の急速な崩壊につながります
結論:
- 不平等が協力に与える影響は微妙であり,その源と方向性によって異なります.
- 協力を促進する政策は,公平性と効率性の相互作用を考慮すべきである.
- 格差の理解は 効果的な公共財の提供と 社会福祉の最大化に不可欠です
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