化石 の 昆虫 の 目 は,三頭 類 の 光学 と 関節 類 の 染色 板 に 光 を 投げる
Johan Lindgren1, Dan-Eric Nilsson2, Peter Sjövall3
1Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. johan.lindgren@geol.lu.se.
Nature
|August 16, 2019
まとめ
化石化したクレーンフライの目は 石灰化したレンズとエウメラニンを明らかにし 古代の節足類の視力を 洞察することができます この発見は 独特の保存方法を強調し トリロビットの目の組成に関する 過去の解釈に挑戦しています
科学分野:
- 古生物学
- 進化生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- 化石化した節足類の目には 古代の視覚系に関する手がかりがあります
- タフォノミクとダイアゲネティックなプロセスによって 化石化した構造が変化します
- 古代の特徴を解釈するには 現代種との比較が不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 化石化したクレーンフライの眼の 分子組成と微細解剖を調査する
- 古代の節足類の光学システムの解釈を 確立するためです
- 昆虫の眼の化石化過程を理解するために
主な方法:
- 化石化した目の詳細な分子組成分析
- 化石と現代のクレーンフライの眼の微解剖学的検査.
- 化石と現存種の比較分析
主要な成果:
- 5千4百万年前のクレーンフライの目には 角膜のレンズが加熱されていて 中間にはエウメラニン色素が含まれています
- エウメラニンは生きたクレーンフライに存在し,オムマチディアル・ピグメントシールドを形成する.
- これは化石化した関節足類における メラニックスクリーニングピグメントの 最初の記録です
- 初期にキチン状のレンズの二次カルシフィケーションは,新しい化石化モードを示唆しています.
結論:
- ユメラニンと化したレンズの保存は 昆虫の目の化石化に関する新しい理解を提供します
- この発見は,トリロバイトのカルシット角膜の in vivo 生物鉱化仮説に異議を唱えている.
- トリロビットの目は有機的で グラデーションインデックス光学を用いた可能性が高い
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