テオシンテ・リギュール・アレルは植物構造を狭め,高密度のトウモロコシの収穫量を高める
Jinge Tian1, Chenglong Wang1, Jinliang Xia1
1State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 17, 2019
まとめ
研究者は,トウモロコシの植物の構造を制御する2つの遺伝子,UPA1とUPA2を特定しました. 野生のUPA2アレルの侵入は高密度のトウモロコシの収穫を促進し,作物の生産性を高める道を提供します.
科学分野:
- 植物 遺伝 と 繁殖
- 植物の生理学
- 農業科学
背景:
- トウモロコシ (Zea mays) の収穫の改善は,植え付け密度の増加と関連しています.
- トウモロコシの密度の高い植え付け戦略を可能にするために,直立した植物の建築は不可欠です.
- 植物の構造の遺伝的基盤を理解することは 収穫の最適化に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- トウモロコシの垂直植物の構造を決定する定量的な特徴の位置 (QTL) をクローンし,特徴づけること.
- 特定されたQTLによって,植物構造の調節を支える分子メカニズムを解明する.
- 高密度トウモロコシの栽培を促進するための遺伝子変異の可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 定量的な特質ロシ (QTLs) のクローニング 直立植物建築1 (UPA1) と直立植物建築2 (UPA2).
- 転写因子 (ZmRAVL1) とタンパク質相互作用 (DRL1,LG1) を含む遺伝子発現調節の分析
- ブラッシンステロイド生物合成経路と葉の角度との関係に関する研究.
- UPA2に対するトウモロコシとテオシンテのアレルの比較分析
主要な成果:
- UPA1とUPA2のクローン,直立プラントアーキテクチャのための2つの主要なQTL.
- ZmRAVL1発現に影響を与える2塩基複合体によるUPA2の調節の識別,この調節をDRL1とLG1が媒介する.
- ZmRAVL1が葉の角度に影響するブラッシンステロイド生物合成遺伝子brd1を制御することを示す.
- 葉の角を縮小する有益なUPA2アレルがテオシンテで発生し,トウモロコシの家畜化中に失われたことを発見した.
結論:
- この研究では,トウモロコシの植物の構造と密度の高い植え付けに適している重要な遺伝的要因 (UPA1,UPA2) を特定しました.
- 古代のUPA2アレルをテオシンテから現代のトウモロコシハイブリッドに再導入することで,高密度の収穫量が大幅に増加します.
- ZmRAVL1の遺伝子編集は,高密度の条件下でトウモロコシの生産性を改善するための有望な戦略です.
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