皮膚の特殊なシュヴァン細胞が痛みの感覚を誘発する

Hind Abdo¹, Laura Calvo-Enrique¹, Jose Martinez Lopez¹

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 17, 2019

まとめ

研究者達は痛みの信号を検知し伝達する皮膚の特殊な膠質細胞を発見しましたこれらの細胞は熱と圧力を感知するネットワークを形成し感覚神経に直接接続して感覚情報を伝達します

科学分野:

神経科学
細胞生物学
皮膚科

背景:

生物の生存は有害な刺激を検知し反応することにかかっています
有害な刺激は皮膚の感覚神経末端を直接活性化すると考えられています

研究の目的:

皮膚の有害な刺激を検知する細胞メカニズムを調査する.
ノシセプションに関与する新しい細胞タイプを特定する.

主な方法:

特殊な細胞タイプを特定するために皮膚組織の組織学的分析.
細胞とニューロンの間の機能的接続を評価する電気生理学的記録
細胞構造と神経との関連を視覚化するための免疫ヒストケミストリー

主要な成果:

皮膚の下皮の境界に新しいタイプの皮膚膠細胞が特定されました.
これらの膠質細胞は広範囲にわたる網状のネットワークを有し,熱的および機械的刺激に敏感です.
これらの膠質細胞と感覚ニューロンとの間には直接の興奮機能的関連が示され,これは,感覚情報を伝達する役割を示唆している.

結論:

以前は知られていなかった特殊な膠質細胞で構成された感覚器官が有害な刺激を感知する上で重要な役割を果たしています
これらの膠質細胞は機械感受性であり,関連した非ミエリン感受性神経に発信する.
この発見は痛覚に関する現在の理解に挑戦を与え痛みを研究するための新たな目標を示しています

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