哺乳類の触覚経路PIEZO2の構造とメカニズム

Li Wang¹, Heng Zhou², Mingmin Zhang^1,3

¹State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Nature

|August 23, 2019

まとめ

マウスPIEZO2の冷凍電子顕微鏡構造は,機械感受性イオンチャネルであり,独特のプロペラのようなトリマーを示しています. この構造はPIEZO2の触覚と生理学的機能の制御に関する洞察を与えてくれます

科学分野:

バイオ物理学
構造生物学
分子生理学

背景:

PIEZO2は,触覚,痛み,呼吸,血圧を感知する重要な機械感受性イオンチャネルです.
PIEZO2の構造を理解することは,その機能と発現メカニズムを明らかにするために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

マウス PIEZO2の高解像度冷凍電子顕微鏡構造を決定する.
PIEZO2の機敏ゲートメカニズムに構造的な洞察を与える.

主な方法:

マウスPIEZO2の構造を決定するために,冷凍電子顕微鏡 (cryo-EM) が使用されました.
PIEZO2とPIEZO1の構造を比較した.

主要な成果:

マウスPIEZO2の構造は, 114のトランスメブランヘリクを持つ3つの刃のプロペラのようなトリマーです.
刃は,細胞外キャップと細胞内ビームを中心の毛穴に繋ぐ曲線ナノドームを形成します.
トランスメブランヘリックスとドメインは収縮部位を作り,キャップドメインによって制御されるトランスメブランゲートを示唆する.

結論:

PIEZO2の特定の構造は,そのユニークなアーキテクチャを明らかにし,その機能を理解するための枠組みを提供します.
この発見は,キャップドメインによって制御される潜在的トランスメブランゲートメカニズムを示唆し,ピエゾチャネルメカニズムへの洞察を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

08:05

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Published on: February 10, 2016

6.8K

15:28

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells

Published on: October 1, 2010

17.9K

関連する概念動画

01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

727

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

727

01:19

Ion Channels

91.2K

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...

91.2K

01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

3.1K

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

3.1K

01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.0K

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....

8.0K

01:28

Channels of Non-Verbal Communication

367

Non-verbal communication plays a critical role in human interaction, influencing how individuals perceive emotions and psychological states. It operates through four primary channels: facial expressions, eye contact, body language, and touch. These non-verbal cues help convey meaning beyond spoken language and are often culturally influenced.Facial Expressions and Emotional RecognitionFacial expressions are among the most powerful and universal forms of non-verbal communication. Research has...

367

02:22

Structures of Solids

17.5K

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...