都市熱島の大小は,主に気候と人口によって説明される
Gabriele Manoli1,2, Simone Fatichi3, Markus Schläpfer4
1Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. g.manoli@ucl.ac.uk.
Nature
|September 6, 2019
まとめ
都市熱島 (UHIs) は,蒸気伝導の限界により降水量が増大し,都市規模の拡大に影響を与えます. 温暖化対策の戦略は 乾燥した地域ではより効果的であり 熱帯の都市では新しい解決策が必要です
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 気候科学
- 都市計画
背景:
- 都市部における熱島は 温暖化による死亡リスクを増大させています
- 現存するUHIの強度モデルは,人口と降水に関連した変動について統一的な説明を欠いている.
- 地理的に特定のUHI緩和ガイドラインは現在利用できません.
研究 の 目的:
- 都市と田舎の世界の夏の表面温度差 (ΔTs) を分析する.
- 世界的にUHIの強度変動の主要な要因を特定する.
- 人口,気候,UHIの強度を結びつけるモデルを開発する.
主な方法:
- 都市と農村の夏の表面温度差 (ΔTs) を世界的に分析した.
- ΔTsと降水量の非線形関係を調査した.
- 人口,背景気候,UHIの強度を統合した粗粒型モデルを開発した.
主要な成果:
- 降水によるΔTsの非線形増加が観察され,蒸発によって制御された.
- 都市部と農村部との間の蒸気伝導とコンベクション効率の違いは,主要な温暖化決定因子です.
- ΔTsの都市サイズによるスケーリングは,降水による非線形によって調節されます.
結論:
- 緑の覆面とアルベドの増加のような緩和戦略は 乾燥した地域で最も効果的です
- 熱帯都市における冷却戦略は 革新的で文脈特有の解決策を必要とします
- 非線形UHIのダイナミクスを理解することは,効果的な都市気候適応に不可欠です.
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