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関連する概念動画

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Thinking Too Much Impairs Decision-Making08:34

Thinking Too Much Impairs Decision-Making

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Source: Peter Mende-Siedlecki & Jay Van Bavel—New York University
When we are considering a tough choice between two or more attractive options, we often end up actively weighing the pros and cons of each alternative. By reflecting on their advantages and disadvantages, we attempt to fit a complex, subjective decision into an orderly set of criteria. However, research in psychology suggests that this sort of introspective approach might not always yield the most optimal outcomes.1
In...
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Types of Decisions and the Decision Process01:24

Types of Decisions and the Decision Process

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The organizational buying process is structured and methodical, involving multiple stakeholders and requiring significant financial commitments. Unlike consumer purchasing, business buyers face complex decisions that demand a deep understanding of technical specifications and careful coordination among departments. These decisions are made within a framework that seeks to balance cost, quality, and efficiency and ensure long-term supplier relationships.
Problem Recognition and Need...
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Decision-making and the Iowa Gambling Task08:22

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Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California
Decision-making is an important component of human executive function, in which a choice about a course of action or cognition is made from many possibilities. Damage to the inferior parts of the frontal lobes can affect a person's ability to make good decisions. However, while decision-making deficits can have a large impact on one's life, these deficits can be difficult to quantify in the...
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Decision-making Through Net Present Value01:22

Decision-making Through Net Present Value

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Net Present Value (NPV) is a crucial financial tool that helps organizations make informed decisions about investments and projects by comparing the present value of cash inflows with cash outflows. As a critical capital budgeting tool, NPV accounts for the time value of money, making it an essential method for evaluating long-term investments.
NPV serves multiple purposes in decision-making:
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Introspection Illusion: Reason-Analysis Impairs Decision-Making
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情報操作と非民主的な決定

Alexander J Stewart1, Mohsen Mosleh2, Marina Diakonova3

  • 1Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. astewar6@central.uh.edu.

Nature
|September 6, 2019
PubMed
まとめ

ネットワーク構造は"情報操作"によって 集団の意思決定を歪めることができます 戦略的に配置された熱心派と ネットワークのデザインは 投票結果に偏りがあり 大きなグループでも 合意を妨げます

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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科学分野:

  • 社会科学
  • ネットワーク科学
  • コンピュータ社会科学

背景:

  • 集団的意思決定は,様々な情報源からの情報を統合することに依存しています.
  • 情報の流れは,しばしばソーシャルネットワークによって制限され,ボットや熱心者によって操作されやすい.
  • ネットワーク構造が集団的成果にどのように影響するか理解することは 民主的プロセスにとって極めて重要です

研究 の 目的:

  • 集団的意思決定における情報マネジメントの現象をモデル化し分析する.
  • ネットワークのトポロジと 影響力のあるエージェントの戦略的な配置が 投票結果にバイアスを及ぼすかを調査する.
  • 実験的な社会ネットワークと現実の社会ネットワークの両方で情報マネジメントを特定し,定量化します.

主な方法:

  • 投票者ゲームモデルの開発 影響力ネットワークのプレイヤー
  • 情報操作の原理を解明する 数学分析
  • 理論的な予測を検証するために 2,520人の被験者を対象としたソーシャルネットワークの実験です
  • オンラインの政治討論や立法データを含む現実世界のネットワークの分析

主要な成果:

  • ネットワーク構造による情報操作は 党の規模と影響力が等しい場合でも 集団的決定に影響を与えます
  • 戦略的に配置された熱狂者は 情報の操作と偏見を誘導します
  • 実験データによって 予測された情報操作の効果が確認されました
  • オンラインの政治討論や過去の立法データで 情報の操作が確認された.

結論:

  • 影響力のネットワークの構造は 集団的な意思決定を 体系的に歪めることができます
  • 情報操作は 集団の知性の弱点であり 戦略的アクターに 搾取されうるものです
  • 広範囲にわたる情報操作は 集団の行き詰まりにつながり 合意が妨げられ 社会的なジレンマを招きます