舌 から 脳 へ の 酸味 の 感受
Jin Zhang1, Hao Jin1, Wenyi Zhang1
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Cell
|September 24, 2019
まとめ
オトペトリン"のイオンチャネルは 酸味を検知し 避けようとする行動を誘発するのに 極めて重要です この発見は 酸味を感じる 神経経路を明らかにしています
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 感覚生物学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 酸味の知覚は 未熟または腐った食品のような有害な物質を摂取しないための 重要な防御メカニズムです
- 口腔の酸性刺激は味覚受容体と体感覚受容体を活性化し,嫌悪反応を引き起こす.
研究 の 目的:
- 酸味を検知する分子メカニズムを調査する
- 酸味の感受に関わる特定のイオンチャネルと神経経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 味覚受容体 (TRC) でのオトペトリン-1 (Otop1) の役割を評価するために,ノックアウトマウスモデルを使用した.
- 機能的変化を観察するために,Otop1を甘いTRCで発現させるように遺伝子組み換えされたマウス.
- 基本的な味覚特性を媒介する味覚ギャングリオンニューロンの遺伝子識別を行いました.
主要な成果:
- Otop1のノックアウトマウスは,酸感受性TRCで酸反応を完全に失いました.
- 甘いTRCでOtop1を表現すると,これらの細胞に酸感知能力が与えられます.
- 酸味が舌から脳に伝わるための専用の神経経路 (ラベル付きの線) を特定した.
結論:
- オトペトリン-1は酸味感のための重要な陽子選択チャンネルです.
- 酸味の知覚は 専用の神経回路に依存し 嫌悪的な行動に対して 特定の信号を脳に伝達します
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