1999年から2016年までの米国成人の炭水化物,タンパク質,脂肪の摂取量と食事の質の傾向
Zhilei Shan1,2,3, Colin D Rehm4, Gail Rogers2,5
1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
JAMA
|September 25, 2019
まとめ
米国では1999年から2016年の間に低品質の炭水化物摂取量を減らし,高品質の炭水化物,植物性タンパク質,多不飽和脂肪酸の摂取量を増加させた. このような食生活改善にもかかわらず,低品質の炭水化物と飽和脂肪の摂取量は高まっています.
科学分野:
- 栄養学
- 公衆衛生
- 食事 傾向 の 分析
背景:
- 食事のマクロ栄養素の摂取量と質は,経済,政策,食品加工の変化によって影響を受けます.
- これらの傾向を評価することは,公衆衛生政策の情報提供に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1999年から2016年までの米国成人のマクロ栄養素摂取量,食物源,食事の質の動向を分析する.
主な方法:
- 全国的に代表的な米国24時間ダイエットリコールデータセットの分析 (9回の国民健康栄養調査).
- 20歳以上の成人を調査サイクル (1999年−2016年) にわたって含む.
- マクロ栄養素のサブタイプ,食品源,健康的な食事指数2015の評価
主要な成果:
- 総炭水化物のエネルギー量は52. 5%から50. 5%に減少し,タンパク質 (15. 5%から16. 4%) と脂肪 (32. 0%から33.2%) が増加した.
- 低品質の炭水化物摂取量の大幅な減少 (-3.25%) と高品質の炭水化物摂取量の増加 (+1.23%)
- 植物性タンパク質の増加 (+0. 38%),飽和脂肪酸の増加 (+0. 36%),多不飽和脂肪酸の増加 (+0. 65%).
- 2015年の健康食品指数は55.7から57.7に改善されました.
結論:
- アメリカの成人は より健康的なマクロニュートリエントプロフィールと 食事の質の向上に 大きく変化しました
- 低品質の炭水化物を減らし,高品質の炭水化物,植物性タンパク質,多不飽和脂肪酸を増加させました.
- 低品質の炭水化物と飽和脂肪の持続的な高消費は,公衆衛生上の懸念事項です.
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